Measures of Expressions of Love

Goff, Brent G.; Goddard, H. Wallace; Pointer, Lucille; Jackson, Gary B.

doi:10.2466/pr0.101.2.357-360

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This study was an effort to provide further empirical exploration of Chapman’s (2015a) LL model, which has been given only limited attention in the academic psychology literature despite its attractiveness to laypeople and its clinical utility. The intent behind this study was not so much to establish the validity of Chapman’s model (which was accomplished by Egbert & Polk, 2006; Goff et al, 2007; and Polk & Egbert, 2013). Instead, given that its process-oriented aspects are already well-established via comparable theory and research (as summarized and/or cited throughout this article), this study provided exploratory data pertaining not only to men’s and women’s primary LLs but also to the differences within the couple , quantified via Cohen’s d effect sizes, across the combination of all five LLs as they appeared in couples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, Egbert and Polk (2006) found that their measure of individual participants' preferences for expressing affection using the LLs had acceptable reliability, ranging from Cronbach's ␣ ϭ .77 to .85. Second, for Goff, Goddard, Pointer, and Jackson (2007), who explored individual participants' preferences for receiving affection, internal consistency and reliability were deemed excellent, ␣ ϭ .84 to .92. However, it is worth noting that, in their sample, Acts of Service was split into separate dimensions (domestic/indoor service and outdoor/ shop service) based on participants' responses coupled with socially constructed gender-based lines.…”

Section: Factor Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast with the majority of extant LL studies that involved only convenience samples consisting of college students (Egbert & Polk, 2006; Goff et al, 2007; Polk & Egbert, 2013) or a singular sample of married couples (Thatcher, 2004; Veale, 2006), couples in this study (like those in Bunt and Hazelwood’s [2017] study) were recruited from both the student population and throughout the community in an effort to include the most diverse sample possible.…”

Section: Purpose and Contributions Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distribution of Chapman’s love languages in couples: An exploratory cluster analysis.

Bland

McQueen

2018

Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice

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Chapman identified and described Five Love Languages (LLs), principal value systems by which individuals communicate and anticipate expression of affection: Words of Affirmation, Quality Time, Receiving Gifts, Acts of Service, and Physical Touch. Although Chapman's model has become embraced by laypeople and helping professionals, it remains relatively underresearched. In this exploratory study, multivariate clustering procedures were used to identify profiles of combinations of LLs (as measured by Chapman's Love Languages Personal Profile for Couples) in 100 couples. Emphasis was given not only to men's and women's primary LLs but also to differences between men and women within each couple as quantified by mean differences and Cohen's d effect sizes thereof across the combination of all five LLs. In comparing the clustering variable means of the final cluster solution, it was found that the four profiles matched well and varied in a statistically significant manner. The relationship between the four-cluster solution and couples' reported levels of global relational satisfaction (as measured by the Revised Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale) also was assessed. Although no significant differences were found in the distress profiles across the four clusters (likely due to insufficient variability based on a majority nondistressed sample), results did suggest a trend whereby couples were less likely to report distress the more their combination of LL preferences was congruent. This study makes several methodological contributions to an emerging literature on the LLs, and the results provide a foundation for further research, particularly on how Chapman's model contributes to understanding the relationships between intimate relationships, self-development, and self-expansion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factor Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Purpose and Contributions Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distribution of Chapman’s love languages in couples: An exploratory cluster analysis.

Bland

McQueen

2018

Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice

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“…Touch is a central part of human interactions and is used to communicate one’s thoughts and feelings (Hertenstein et al, 2006, 2009). Specifically, romantic touch is one of the five expressions of love (Goff et al, 2007). Touch and love have been defined as ‘indivisible’ (Montagu, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scent of romance: human putative pheromone affects men’s sexual cognition

Oren

Peled-Avron

Shamay‐Tsoory

2019

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Previous studies suggest that the putative human pheromone estratetraenol affects several systems underlying human functioning and appears to activate neural systems that are known to affect sexual behavior. In this study, we investigated whether exposure to estratetraenol affects men’s social cognition abilities. In the first experiment, men performed the Interpersonal Perception task while being exposed to estratetraenol and to a control solution. Men performed the task with better accuracy while being exposed to estratetraenol. This improvement was evident especially in the Intimacy category where participants evaluated romantic relationships. In a second experiment, we exposed a different sample of men to estratetraenol and to a control solution while performing a task that implicitly measured their emotional reaction to photos depicting two humans either romantically touching or not, with a control condition of two inanimate objects either touching or not. We found that the participants’ emotional reaction to touch was stronger under exposure to estratetraenol. Together, these results suggest that exposure to estratetraenol may trigger a change in men’s social cognition, especially in sexually related situations.

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“…Specifically, a significant association was found between hearing the imagery script of their primary LL and person’s heart rate and skin conductance, although no significant increase was found in the respiration rate. In addition, good internal consistency and reliability was reported for the scale measurement of the preferred LL [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

I love the way you love me: Responding to partner’s love language preferences boosts satisfaction in romantic heterosexual couples

2022

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Chapman’s Love Languages hypothesis claims that (1) people vary in the ways they prefer to receive and express affection and (2) romantic partners who communicate their feelings congruent with their partner’s preferences experience greater relationship quality. The author proposes five distinct preferences and tendencies for expressing love, including: Acts of Service, Physical Touch, Words of Affirmation, Quality Time and Gifts. In the present study partners (N = 100 heterosexual couples) completed measures assessing their preferences and behavioral tendencies for a) expressions of love and b) reception of signs of affection, for each of the five proposed “love languages”. Relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction and empathy were also assessed. The degree of the within-couple mismatch was calculated separately for each individual based on the discrepancies between the person’s felt (preferred) and their partner’s expressed love language. The joint mismatch indicator was a sum of discrepancies across the five love languages. Matching on love languages was associated with both relationship and sexual satisfaction. In particular, people who expressed their affection in the way their partners preferred to receive it, experienced greater satisfaction with their relationships and were more sexually satisfied compared to those who met their partner’s needs to lesser extent. Empathy was expected to be a critical factor for better understanding of and responding to the partner’s needs. Results provided some support for this hypothesis among male but not female participants.

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Measures of Expressions of Love

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

The distribution of Chapman’s love languages in couples: An exploratory cluster analysis.

The distribution of Chapman’s love languages in couples: An exploratory cluster analysis.

A scent of romance: human putative pheromone affects men’s sexual cognition

I love the way you love me: Responding to partner’s love language preferences boosts satisfaction in romantic heterosexual couples

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