Measuring accessibility and congestion in Accra

Dynamic Accessibility using Big Data: The Role of the Changing Conditions of Network Congestion and Destination Attractiveness

“…A first group of papers employ data obtained from GPS devices. Møller-Jensen et al (2012) used GPS logs to calculate speeds, congestion levels and accessibility conditions at three times of day (morning, midday, evening,) in the city of Accra. Dewulf et al (2015) took Floating Car Data (FCD) from the Be-Mobile system to calculate car travel times.…”

Gridlock in the Greater Toronto Area: Its geography and intensity during key periods

“…Instead, nascent geographic research on congestion using observed (and not inferred) road performance data has explored spatial variations in road speeds which underscore variations in user experiences. For example, Moller-Jensen et al (2012), use global positioning system (GPS) e based road speed data to highlight spatial variation sin congestion in Accra. Likewise, Sweet and Chen (2011) employ GPS-based road performance data to explore variations in speed and reliability in the Chicago region.…”

Livelihoods in motion: Linking transport, mobility and income-generating activities

“…To put this in context, the population of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) increased from 2.6 million in 2002 (Armah et al 2010), to an estimated 3.7 million inhabitants in 2010 (Agyemang 2015). Similarly, the urban area expanded from 555 km 2 , with 196 km 2 in a state of transition in 2002 (Møller-Jensen et al 2012), to covering over 1000 km 2 of land in 2010 (Abane 2011). These processes of urban change have been accompanied by extended periods of underinvestment in the city's transport infrastructure, especially during the era of structural adjustment from the early 1980s to mid-1990s (Edward 1996).…”

“…The situation has become more complex in recent years as new districts have been created within GAMA and the area under the jurisdiction of Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA) has decreased, with the consequence that there is no city level planning authority (personal communication, planning officer, 4.11.15). The result is a city that has strong functional interaction between the periphery and key commercial and administrative hubs located in the centre (Møller-Jensen et al 2012), but which lacks a transport system capable of taking people and goods safely, quickly and affordably across its urban terrain. Armah et al (2010) estimate that on a typical weekday, 270,000 vehicle trips are made in and out of Accra's Central Business District (see Figure 1), an estimated 1.3 million passenger trips enter or leave the Accra Ring Road, and 1.6 million passenger trips go into or out of the area within the motorway extension (Oteng-Ababio & Agyemang 2012).…”