Measuring and exploring symbolic money meanings

Rose, Gregory M.; Orr, Linda

doi:10.1002/mar.20182

Cited by 58 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several very well-developed scales have been widely used and cited (Yamauchi and Templer 1982;Furnham 1984;Tang 1992Tang , 1995Lim and Teo 1997;Mitchell and Mickel 1999;Srivastava et al 2001;Tang and Chiu 2003;Rose and Orr 2007). Tang (1992) developed the Money Ethic Scale (MES) with Affective (Good and Evil), Behavioral (Budget), and Cognitive components (Achievement, Respect/Self-Esteem, and Freedom/ Power).…”

Section: Measures and Research On Money Attitudementioning

confidence: 99%

Money, the meaning of money, management, spirituality, and religion

Tang

2010

Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion

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This article briefly summarizes selected theory and research related to money and the meaning of money. Research shows that money is considered as a tool and as a drug. People are subject to all kinds of temptation in the environment that trigger them to act ethically or unethically. Thinking about money enhances one’s feeling of “self‐sufficiency,” but reduces one’s willingness to help others. The mere presence of abundant money incites the feeling of “envy” toward wealthy others that provokes unethical behavior. Having control over money and spending money on others promote happiness. High love‐of‐money individuals have low pay satisfaction, low quality of life, low ethical intentions, and low intention to help others and become Good Samaritans. Since money is the direct opposite of spirituality and one cannot serve both God and money, spirituality and religion help people live fulfilling, meaningful, and purposeful lives. There is hope that our understanding of spirituality and religion through the lens of money may help researchers and practitioners move to further research and improved practice.

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Section: Measures and Research On Money Attitudementioning

confidence: 99%

Money, the meaning of money, management, spirituality, and religion

Tang

2010

Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion

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“…Among many money-related measures (Furnham 1984;Goldberg and Lewis 1978;Lim and Teo 1997;Mitchell and Mickel 1999;Rose and Orr 2007;Srivastava et al 2001;Stone et al 2010;Wernimont and Fitzpatrick 1972;Yamauchi and Templer 1982), we focus on the Money Ethic Scale (MES) (Tang 1992) which has Affective (Good and Evil), Behavioral (Budget), and Cognitive components (Achievement, Respect/Self-Esteem, and Freedom/Power). Older people and females budget their money carefully.…”

Section: Money Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Love of Money and Unethical Behavior Intention: Does an Authentic Supervisor’s Personal Integrity and Character (ASPIRE) Make a Difference?

2011

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We investigate the extent to which perceptions of the authenticity of supervisor's personal integrity and character (ASPIRE) moderate the relationship between people's love of money (LOM) and propensity to engage in unethical behavior (PUB) among 266 part-time employees who were also business students in a five-wave panel study. We found that a high level of ASPIRE perceptions was related to high love-of-money orientation, high selfesteem, but low unethical behavior intention (PUB). Unethical behavior intention (PUB) was significantly correlated with their high Machiavellianism, low self-esteem, and low intrinsic religiosity. Our counterintuitive results revealed that the main effect of LOM on PUB was not significant, but the main effect of ASPIRE on PUB was significant. Further, the significant interaction effect between LOM and ASPIRE on unethical behavior intention provided profoundly interesting findings: High LOM was related to high unethical behavior intention for people with low ASPIRE, but was related to low unethical intention for those with high ASPIRE. People with high LOM and low ASPIRE had the highest unethical behavior intention; whereas those with high LOM and high ASPIRE had the lowest. We discuss results in light of individual differences, ethical environment, and perceived demand characteristics.

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“…Acerca dos significados do dinheiro identificados nas pesquisas analisadas (Tabela 1), observamos diferenças nos tipos desses significados, dentre os quais distinguimos aqui como aqueles baseados no interesse individual e aqueles baseados no interesse coletivo. Como exemplo, no primeiro caso, encontramos significados como liberdade (ganho de tempo livre para alcançar interesses pessoais) (Furnham et al, 2012), gastos (o quanto o indivíduo pode comprar as coisas que deseja) (Juneman et al, 2012), realização e status (símbolo de sucesso pessoal) (Rose & Orr, 2007) e confiança (poder resolver problemas e satisfazer as necessidades) (Zhou et al, 2009). E, no segundo, significados como desigualdade (fonte de exclusão social e preconceito) (Moreira, 2002;Oliveira, 2010;Vieira et al, 2014), altruísmo (contribuir para o crescimento e progresso do país) e transcendência (associado à espiritualidade torna-se um meio de ajudar o próxi-mo, gerando prosperidade social) (Barros, 2012;Távora, 2003).…”

Section: Aquisitivo Afiliativounclassified

“…E, no segundo, significados como desigualdade (fonte de exclusão social e preconceito) (Moreira, 2002;Oliveira, 2010;Vieira et al, 2014), altruísmo (contribuir para o crescimento e progresso do país) e transcendência (associado à espiritualidade torna-se um meio de ajudar o próxi-mo, gerando prosperidade social) (Barros, 2012;Távora, 2003). Além disso, a exceção de preocupação, que representa a ansiedade que uma pessoa sente em relação ao dinheiro (Rose & Orr, 2007) Moreira (2000;, por sua vez, assim como aquelas que a tomaram como modelo de investigação (Barros, 2012;Lunardi, 2012;Oliveira, 2010;Távora, 2003;Vieira et al, 2014), os aspectos simbólicos do dinheiro apresentaram um caráter dialético, em que o bom e o ruim aparecem no conjunto dos significados identificados, corroborando as contradições e ambiguidades si-nalizadas por alguns desses autores acerca do capitalismo. Nelas, houve uma maior recorrência de conteúdos negativos, sendo os mais frequentes o conflito, o sofrimento e a desigualdade.…”

Section: Aquisitivo Afiliativounclassified

“…Em se tratando de países mais desenvolvidos e industrializados (p. ex., Furnham, et al, 2012;Rose & Orr, 2007) A escassez de pesquisas que consideram populações com baixa instrução não é restrita aos estudos sobre os significados do dinheiro. Livia Borges e José Pinheiro (2002), a partir de reflexões sobre a produção desenvolvida no campo da Psicologia do Trabalho e das Organizações, já sinalizavam o predomínio de pesquisas acerca de ocupações cujos trabalhadores possuam instrução mais elevada, sendo corroborado por Hugo Brandão (2007) e por Sonia Gondim, Jairo Borges-Andrade e Antônio Bastos (2010).…”

Section: Opções Metodológicas Prevalentes Nas Publicaçõesunclassified

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Level of Analysis in the Studies of the Meaning of Money

2017

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Estudos sobre os significados do dinheiro têm evidenciado empiricamente seu caráter multidimensional. Apesar de sua relevância social, tem havido poucas publicações sobre esse tema. Assim, neste artigo, descrevemos os principais resultados e os diferentes aspectos abordados nos significados do dinheiro no tocante aos aspectos conceituais e teóricos (níveis de análise) e metodológicos (operacionais). Utilizamos os dados provenientes de publicações, encontradas nas bases de dados indexadas, entre os anos de 2000 e 2014. Destas, identificamos três níveis de análi-se (intraindividual, interindividual-social e ideológico), um predomínio do uso de questionários estruturados e de participantes universitários e uma ênfase na identificação dos significados atribuídos ao dinheiro. Discutimos a necessidade de modelos explicativos mais integradores, que considerem os diversos contextos sob os quais emergem tais significados, assim como o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que abordem a aplicabilidade dos resultados encontrados. Palavras-chaveSignificados do dinheiro Níveis de análise Estudos sobre dinheiro Abstract Keywords Meanings of Money Levels of Analysis Money StudiesStudies related to the meanings of money have shown empirically its multidimensional character. Despite the social relevance of the subject there has been only few publications related to it. Thus in this article we descried the main findings and the meanings of money in different aspects: conceptual, theoretical (levels of analysis) and methodological (operational). We use data from publications from 2000-2014 found in indexed databases. From these we have identified three levels of analysis (intraindividual, interindividual-social and ideological), predominance of the use of structured questionnaires and participants with a university background as well as an emphasis to identify the meanings attributed to money. We discussed the need for more integrative explanatory models that consider the various contexts from which such meanings emerge, as well as the development of research that addresses the applicability of the results.

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Measuring and exploring symbolic money meanings

Cited by 58 publications

References 34 publications

Money, the meaning of money, management, spirituality, and religion

Money, the meaning of money, management, spirituality, and religion

Love of Money and Unethical Behavior Intention: Does an Authentic Supervisor’s Personal Integrity and Character (ASPIRE) Make a Difference?

Level of Analysis in the Studies of the Meaning of Money

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