Measuring and Modeling the Retreat of the Summit Ice Fields on Kilimanjaro, East Africa

Pepin, Nick; Duane, W. J.; Schaefer, M.; Pike, Gary; Hardy, Douglas R.

doi:10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.905

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The recent decline of Kilimanjaro's glaciers is well documented, with changes in glacier geometry derived from terrestrial 470 P. Bohleber et al: Ground-penetrating radar at Kilimanjaro's Northern Ice Field and aerial photogrammetry as well as satellite imagery (Hastenrath and Greischar, 1997;Thompson et al, 2009;Cullen et al, 2006Cullen et al, , 2013Winkler et al, 2010;Sirguey and Cullen, 2014). Ground-based observations document ice loss by terrestrial laser scanning, comprehensive automatic weather stations (AWS) and a network of mass balance stakes (Mölg and Hardy, 2004;Mölg et al, 2008;Hardy, 2011;Pepin et al, 2014); these data serve as input for modelling mass and energy balance (Mölg et al, 2003(Mölg et al, , 2009Cullen et al, 2007;Mölg and Kaser, 2011). In contrast to the extensive data sets from surface and aerial measurements, little is known so far about the underlying bed conditions and topography as well as ice thickness (Sirguey et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-penetrating radar reveals ice thickness and undisturbed englacial layers at Kilimanjaro's Northern Ice Field

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Although its Holocene glacier history is still subject to debate, the ongoing iconic decline of Kilimanjaro's largest remaining ice body, the Northern Ice Field (NIF), has been documented extensively based on surface and photogrammetric measurements. The study presented here adds, for the first time, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data at centre frequencies of 100 and 200 MHz to investigate bed topography, ice thickness and internal stratigraphy at NIF. The direct comparison of the GPR signal to the visible glacier stratigraphy at NIF's vertical walls is used to validate ice thickness and reveals that the major internal reflections seen by GPR can be associated with dust layers. Internal reflections can be traced consistently within our 200 MHz profiles, indicating an uninterrupted, spatially coherent internal layering within NIF's central flat area. We show that, at least for the upper 30 m, it is possible to follow isochrone layers between two former NIF ice core drilling sites and a sampling site on NIF's vertical wall. As a result, these isochrone layers provide constraints for future attempts at linking age–depth information obtained from multiple locations at NIF. The GPR profiles reveal an ice thickness ranging between (6.1 ± 0.5) and (53.5 ± 1.0) m. Combining these data with a very high resolution digital elevation model we spatially extrapolate ice thickness and give an estimate of the total ice volume remaining at NIF's southern portion as (12.0 ± 0.3) × 106 m3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-penetrating radar reveals ice thickness and undisturbed englacial layers at Kilimanjaro's Northern Ice Field

et al. 2017

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“…Baltsavias et al, 2001;Pitkänen and Kajuutti, 2004;Keutterling and Thomas, 2006;Schwalbe and Maas, 2009;Immerzeel et al, 2014;Pepin et al, 2014;Whitehead et al, 2014;Gabbud et al, 2015;Kraaijenbrink et al, 2016;Piermattei et al, 2015;Ryan et al, 2015;Kääb et al, 2014); mapping the redistribution of proglacial sediment (e.g. Milan et al, 2007;IrvineFynn et al, 2011;Dunning et al, 2013;Staines et al, 2015) and moraine development ; the characterization of glacier surface roughness (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual surface evolution of an Antarctic blue-ice moraine using multi-temporal DEMs

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Multi-temporal and fine-resolution topographic data products are increasingly used to quantify surface elevation change in glacial environments. In this study, we employ 3-D digital elevation model (DEM) differencing to quantify the topographic evolution of a blue-ice moraine complex in front of Patriot Hills, Heritage Range, Antarctica. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used to acquire multiple topographic datasets of the moraine surface at the beginning and end of the austral summer season in 2012/2013 and during a resurvey field campaign in 2014. A complementary topographic dataset was acquired at the end of season 1 through the application of structure from motion with multi-view stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry to a set of aerial photographs acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Three-dimensional cloud-to-cloud differencing was undertaken using the Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2) algorithm. DEM differencing revealed net uplift and lateral movement of the moraine crests within season 1 (mean uplift ∼ 0.10 m) and surface lowering of a similar magnitude in some inter-moraine depressions and close to the current ice margin, although we are unable to validate the latter. Our results indicate net uplift across the site between seasons 1 and 2 (mean 0.07 m). This research demonstrates that it is possible to detect dynamic surface topographical change across glacial moraines over short (annual to intra-annual) timescales through the acquisition and differencing of fine-resolution topographic datasets. Such data offer new opportunities to understand the process linkages between surface ablation, ice flow and debris supply within moraine ice.

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“…По ре зультатам наблюдений, регулярно проводимых климатологами Массачусетского университе та США, ледники Килиманджаро продолжали быстро сокращаться . Скорость линейного от ступания краевых частей ледников достигала 1,39 м/год, а понижение поверхности составля ло от 0,25 до 0,65 м/год [8] . Это привело к ис чезновению мелких ледников, расположенных во внутренней части кратера, и распаду Север ного и Южного ледниковых полей на отдельные фрагменты (рис .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

The Present-Day Tropical Glaciers

Mikhalenko

2018

Lëd i sneg

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Measuring and Modeling the Retreat of the Summit Ice Fields on Kilimanjaro, East Africa

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Ground-penetrating radar reveals ice thickness and undisturbed englacial layers at Kilimanjaro's Northern Ice Field

Ground-penetrating radar reveals ice thickness and undisturbed englacial layers at Kilimanjaro's Northern Ice Field

Interannual surface evolution of an Antarctic blue-ice moraine using multi-temporal DEMs

The Present-Day Tropical Glaciers

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