Measuring changes in travel behavior pattern due to COVID-19 in a developing country: A case study of Pakistan

Abdullah, Muhammad; Ali, Nazam; Hussain, Salman; Aslam, Atif Bilal; Javid, Muhammad Ashraf

doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.04.023

Cited by 145 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…More precisely, those who scored higher on the risky driving scale indicated a lower preference for carpooling than general-purpose lanes. A recent study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic [19] indicated that there was a considerable shift in the primary purpose of travel from work and school to shopping during the pandemic. The number of trips made for non-commuting purposes was also considerably different between the pre-and post-pandemic periods.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first case was recorded outside of China (in Thailand) on 13 January 2020. On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic [18,19]. On 26 February 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first death was reported on 18 March 2020. The government implemented the first lockdown on 4 May 2020 [19,20]. As shown in Figure 2, the rate of cases and deaths increased by around 2.5 times during May-June 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is more than a health issue because the epidemic has wreaked havoc on various businesses, notably transportation. The imposition of mobility restrictions was the first major influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel patterns, resulting in the disruption of people's livelihoods and social lives [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Effects of Carpooling on Travelers’ Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Metropolitan City

Chen

Liu

2021

Sustainability

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Transportation accounts for more than a quarter of the greenhouse gas emissions that are causing climate change. Carpooling is a subset of the sharing economy, in which individuals share their vehicle with commuters to save travel expenses. In recent decades, carpooling has been promoted as a feasible alternative to car ownership with the potential to alleviate traffic congestion, parking demand, and environmental problems. Unstable economic conditions, cultural norms, and lack of infrastructure make cultural exchange activities and mobility habits different in developing nations to those in developed countries. The rapid evolution of sharing mobility has reshaped travelers’ behavior and created a dire need to determine the travel patterns of commuters living in megacities in developing countries. To obtain data, a web-based stated choice (SC) experiment was used in this study. It used mode-related variables, socioeconomic demographic variables, and a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) precautionary measure variable. Logit models, namely the mixed logit regression model (ML) and the multinomial logit regression model (MNL), were applied to analyze the available data. According to modeling and survey data, economic variables associated with modes of transport, such as trip time and trip cost, were determined to be significant. Additionally, the results revealed that commuters were more conscious of COVID-19 preventive measures, which was determined to be highly significant. The findings showed that the majority of residents in the COVID-19 pandemic continue to rely on automobiles and motorcycles. It is noteworthy that individuals with more than two members in their family and a travel distance of less than seven miles were more likely to prefer a carpooling service. This study’s findings will provide a basis for researchers to aid existing operators in the field of transportation, as well as offer guidelines for governments in developing countries to enhance the utility of transportation networks.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exploring the Effects of Carpooling on Travelers’ Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Metropolitan City

Chen

Liu

2021

Sustainability

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“…The pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected 220 territories, regions, and countries and resulted in more than 174.116 million infections, 3.75 million deaths, and 157.157 million positive cases fully recovered from this infectious disease, as of June 7, 2021. The emergence of a pandemic (COVID-19) has also hugely affected Pakistan's economy (11)(12)(13)(14). Pakistan is the fifth most populous nation and recorded positive cases with the third highest positivity ratio in South Asia, and had the 26th highest deaths toll of 21,450 and 29th most COVID-19 positive cases with 933,750 worldwide, as of June 6, 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Financial Crisis, Smart Lockdown Strategies, and the COVID-19 Spillover Impacts: A Global Perspective Implications From Southeast Asia

et al. 2021

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This present study primarily emphasizes to seek the COVID-19 adverse impacts posing health challenges and global economic crisis. The pandemic (COVID-19) continues to hit the global economies adversely. Pakistan is the 5th-most-populous nation, and recorded positive cases with the third-highest positivity ratio in South Asia, and 26th-highest deaths toll of 21,450 and 29th number of most COVID-19 positive cases with 933,750 worldwide, as of June 6, 2021. The first wave appeared at the end of May 2020, and mid of June reported its peak, which ended by mid-July 2020. Early November 2020 witnessed the second wave with low intensity reached the climax by mid-December. The COVID-19's third wave severely affected the country during mid-March 2021. It exhibited the highest positivity rate, around 20%. New positive patients and deaths toll commenced to skyrocket and reported peak by April 15, 2021. Then situation gradually improved with effective measures and restrictions. The pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected 220 territories, regions, and countries and resulted in more than 174.116 million infections, deaths, 3.75 million, and 157.157 million positive cases fully recovered from this infectious disease, as of June 7, 2021. The pandemic has caused a severe crisis of healthcare facilities and economic challenges worldwide. Pakistani economy reported GPD's negative growth (–0.05) for the first time over the last 60 years in 2020, which caused a massive financial crisis. The Government's relief package intervened to reduce public mental stress and improve the quality of their lives. IMF reported that Pakistan's GPD bounced back at 4% growth by June 2021. This article determines that economic instability and health burden happened in Pakistan for a longer time than financial disequilibrium that occurred globally. Pakistan encountered this crisis due to its feeble healthcare systems and fragile economy. This study explores adverse health issues and spillover consequences on the economic crisis in Pakistan with global implications. It recommends smart lockdown restrictions in most affected areas to reopen the economic cycle with strict preventive measures to minimize the COVD-19 adverse consequences.

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The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on internal migration in Germany: A descriptive analysis

Stawarz

Rosenbaum‐Feldbrügge

Sander

et al. 2022

Population Space and Place

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The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected economies, labor markets, health care, education and tourism around the globe in unprecedented ways. However, little research has yet been devoted to the impact that the pandemic might have had on internal migration. This study aims to address this gap by determining how the intensity and spatial patterns of internal migration changed between 2019 and 2020 in Germany. We draw on data from the population register on annual flows between 401 counties. We find that the COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with a 5% drop in the intensity of inter‐county migration in 2020 compared to the previous year, with significant variation across age. The pandemic was also associated with an upsurge in net migration losses for the largest cities, driven by fewer inflows of young adults and continuing outflows of families.

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Measuring changes in travel behavior pattern due to COVID-19 in a developing country: A case study of Pakistan

Cited by 145 publications

References 56 publications

Exploring the Effects of Carpooling on Travelers’ Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Metropolitan City

Exploring the Effects of Carpooling on Travelers’ Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Metropolitan City

Global Financial Crisis, Smart Lockdown Strategies, and the COVID-19 Spillover Impacts: A Global Perspective Implications From Southeast Asia

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on internal migration in Germany: A descriptive analysis

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