Measuring Conversion Efficiency of Solar Vapor Generation

Li, Xiuqiang; Ni, George; Cooper, Thomas; Xu, Ning; Li, Jinlei; Lin, Zhifang; Hu, Xiaozhen; Zhu, Bin; Yao, Ping; Zhu, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.06.009

Cited by 291 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

170

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…All measurements were based on the standard procedure recommended elsewhere for SSG devices (Figures 5A and S25). 37 We observed obvious temperature increases in GMM film when exposing the SSG device under natural solar irradiation under AM 1.5G (one optical concentration, 1 C opt = 1 kW m À2 ). Localized high temperature of 47.5 C was observed on GMM while the bulk water was still kept at ambient temperature of 25 C ( Figure 5B), implying successful thermal concentration within the evaporation interface in GMM.…”

Section: Photothermal Conversion Performance Of Gmmmentioning

confidence: 79%

Graphene-Metal-Metastructure Monolith via Laser Shock-Induced Thermochemical Stitching of MOF Crystals

Jiang

Tong

Liu

et al. 2020

Matter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monolith of ultrafine metal nanoparticles dispersed on porous graphene is directly fabricated via laser conversion of MOF crystals in air. This monolith exhibited high light absorptivity above 99% across the solar spectrum, ascribing to synergetic light absorption within cavities of dense metal nanoparticle arrays. Rational design of MOF precursors and adjustment of laser parameters allow for precise control of metal nanoparticle size and graphene structure, which promises high solar-thermal conversion efficiency for solar desalination.

show abstract

Section: Photothermal Conversion Performance Of Gmmmentioning

confidence: 79%

Graphene-Metal-Metastructure Monolith via Laser Shock-Induced Thermochemical Stitching of MOF Crystals

Jiang

Tong

Liu

et al. 2020

Matter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Note that the evaporation rate was calculated based on the projected area of the 3D evaporator. [ 25 ] The light‐to‐vapor energy conversion efficiency, which represented the ratio of incident light energy and the energy consumed for water evaporation, was calculated to be 130.4%. More importantly, the evaporation rate of the 3D spherical evaporator kept almost the same when the incident angle changed from 90° to 45°, whereas for the 2D counterpart, the evaporation rate significantly decreased from 1.10 to 0.81 kg m −2 h −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Hybrid Energy Harvesting in 3D Spherical Evaporator for Solar Steam Generation and Synergic Water Purification

Lü

Fan

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solar‐powered water evaporation provides a promising strategy for eco‐friendly and cost‐effective freshwater production. The exploration of high‐performance photothermal materials and the rational design of evaporation architectures are crucial in promoting solar steam generation efficiency. Herein, multidimensional MXene‐based composites with well‐organized heterojunction nanostructures are proposed as bifunctional photothermal materials. The solar thermal conversion, chemical stability, and photocatalysis degradation properties are enhanced by anchoring Co3O4 nanoparticles on delaminated ultrathin MXene nanosheets, compared with that of Ti3C2 MXene. Based on these advantages, an integrated 3D spherical evaporator is constructed using the Co3O4/Ti3C2 MXene‐based fabric. The evaporator shows its distinct advantages in maximizing the harvest of the hybrid energy from sunlight and the ambient environment, making it ideal for solar steam generation and synergetic water purification. An extremely high evaporation rate of 1.89 kg m−2 h−1 with a corresponding light‐to‐vapor energy conversion efficiency beyond the theoretical limit (130.4%) is achieved. More importantly, while the evaporation rate of the 2D evaporator significantly recedes upon the oblique sunlight irradiation, the evaporation rate of the 3D spherical evaporator is constantly high at different incident angles of sunlight, which satisfies the requirement of practical applications under moving sun.

show abstract

“…The evaporation rate of water can be greatly affected by various factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. [ 51 ] Thus, the solar‐to‐steam conversion efficiency calculated by

η_{ss} = \frac{Δ m \times {normalΔ}_{vap} H_{m}}{M \times I \times S \times T} = \frac{Q_{eva}}{Q_{solar}} = \frac{K \times He}{I \times T}

[ 9,19 ] could be even larger than 100%, where K denotes the evaporation rate. Strictly speaking, K = K light − K dark , where K light and K dark represent the evaporation rates under light and dark conditions, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Cost, Scalable, and Reusable Photothermal Layers for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation and Versatile Energy Conversion

Shan

Zhao

Lin

et al. 2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

absorption with noticeable photothermal conversion efficiency have been developed for SSG, [7,8] plasmonic metal, [9][10][11][12][13] semiconductors, [14][15][16][17] and carbon-based materials. [18][19][20][21] However, the high-cost and complex manufacturing processes make it hard to prepare on a large-scale. [22] And the accumulation of salt deposits on the photothermal layers results in a sharp decline in SSG performance, thus lacking sustainability and recyclability. [23] Therefore, the SSG are yet far from industrialization that requires low-cost, scalable, and reusable photothermal materials.Carbonization of rampant plants into carbon materials by the high-temperatureinduced pyrolysis provides an alternative solution to these problems, but it still has great challenges. [24] With the development of this technology, a variety of plants have been explored to synthesis different photothermal layers. [25][26][27][28][29] For instance, Xu et al. [28] demonstrated mushrooms as a solar steam generator for the first time. The unique natural structure of mushroom, porous context, and fibrous stipe, make the conversion efficiency of natural and carbonized mushrooms achieve 62% and 78% under 1 sun illumination. Fang et al. [29] found that the unique macroscopic cone shape and hierarchical porous structures of the carbonized lotus seedpods resulted in an evaporation rate and the corresponding evaporation efficiency under 1 sun irradiation of 1.30 kg m −2 h −1 and 86.5%, respectively. The special structure of plant stem is conducive to improving the SSG ability, which is due to the fact that the plant stem can transport water and other nutrients to the upper layer during the whole plant growth process. [30] However, the prices of the current plants, such as mushroom, lotus seedpods, still need to be further cut down (the cost comparison is shown in Table S1 in the Supporting Information). It is of great significance to explore more abundant and low-cost plants for carbonization. Moreover, the mechanical strength and surface of the plants are destroyed by the high temperature during the carbonization process. It is still a big challenge to uniformly and stably deposit the carbonized species on substrates or assemble them to self-stand films at a large scale. [31][32][33] Most importantly, the steam generation rate and evaporation efficiency are yet to be further increased. Solar steam generation (SSG) based on the photothermal effect has beenconsidered to be a promising avenue for freshwater production. However, the fabrication of highly-efficient photothermal layers, at large-scale and low-cost is still a challenge, hindering practical applications. Herein, it is demonstrated that carbonized towel-gourd sponges (CTGS) are excellent photothermal materials. And a capillarity-driven interfacial self-coating method is developed to prepare the super-hydrophilic CTGS/paper photothermal layer. The SSG device based on the CTGS/paper exhibits a high evaporation rate of 1.53 kg m −2 h −1 with an efficiency of 95.9% under 1 sun i...

show abstract

Measuring Conversion Efficiency of Solar Vapor Generation

Cited by 291 publications

References 12 publications

Graphene-Metal-Metastructure Monolith via Laser Shock-Induced Thermochemical Stitching of MOF Crystals

Graphene-Metal-Metastructure Monolith via Laser Shock-Induced Thermochemical Stitching of MOF Crystals

Implementing Hybrid Energy Harvesting in 3D Spherical Evaporator for Solar Steam Generation and Synergic Water Purification

Low‐Cost, Scalable, and Reusable Photothermal Layers for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation and Versatile Energy Conversion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About