Measuring liquid properties with smooth- and textured-surface resonators

Martin, Stephen J.; Wessendorf, Kurt O.; Gebert, C.T.; Frye, G.C.; Cernosek, R.W.; Casaus, L.; Mitchell, M. A.

doi:10.2172/139545

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Also care should be taken, if less precise measurement results for f r and Q (i.e. at lower Q and/or lower SNR, see (1)(2)(3)) are used for model adjustment. For these fluids, actions should be set to achieve more precise values for f r and Q by increasing M , or the SNR, respectively.…”

Section: A Propagation Of Adjustment Errors (Trueness)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the systematic errors discussed above, the statistical error can be influenced e.g., by increasing sample point number M or the SNR. The linearized error propagation from resonance 2 The instrument itself features ±0.35 % plus ±0.16 % of the certified viscosity standards (Cannon) that were used for factory calibration of the SVM 3000. In practice, it is required to perform a low viscosity adjustment of the SVM 3000 for viscosities below 3 mPas (at 25 ○ C) in order to achieve the stated accuracy.…”

Section: B Propagation Of Stochastic Errors (Precision)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling-free evaluation of resonant liquid sensors for measuring viscosity and density

Voglhuber-Brunnmaier

Niedermayer

Heinisch

et al. 2015

2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)

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A performance estimation method for resonant viscosity and density sensors is described. The ultimate sensor precision and the separability of density and viscosity from measured frequency spectra are estimated. The approach relies on using recently introduced models which are flexible enough to describe a large class of sensors. It is therefore not required to develop a specific sensor model and a parameter extraction method for each newly devised sensor. With the method introduced in this contribution, it is sufficient to adjust and validate a general model using at least three test liquids. Then, the error propagation and the error bounds for viscosity and density can be estimated and consequently the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the amount of required data points can be determined. This method enables direct comparison of different sensor setups as will be demonstrated for piezoelectric tuning fork sensors, electrodynamic platelet sensors and steel tuning forks.

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Section: A Propagation Of Adjustment Errors (Trueness)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Propagation Of Stochastic Errors (Precision)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling-free evaluation of resonant liquid sensors for measuring viscosity and density

Voglhuber-Brunnmaier

Niedermayer

Heinisch

et al. 2015

2015 9th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST)

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“…1c) such that only a finite set of wavenumbers has to be considered. 2 The transform is employed by the substitutions ∂ ∂t •−• ·iω, ∂ ∂x •−• ·(−ikx), ∂ ∂y •−• ·(−iky) with angular frequency ω and wavenumbers kx and ky and by replacing second order derivatives by introduction of elements of the mechanical stress tensor and the normal-component (z) of the electrical displacement.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because viscosity is defined as a relation between velocity gradient and applied forces, it is necessary to expose some kind of moving part to the liquid. For this task thickness shear mode (TSM) piezo crystal sensors using TFE (i.e., electrodes on main faces and electrical field in thickness direction) which are immersed or brought in contact with the sample liquid are commonly used, well understood, and yield reliable measurement results [2]. In comparison to traditional TFE sensors it is a relatively new approach to use the principle of lateral field excitation (LFE: both electrodes on one face) for fluid sensing tasks [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semi-numerical model of a lateral field excited piezoelectric fluid sensor

2010

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The utilization of piezoelectric discs excited by lateral fields (LFE) for liquid phase sensing was first proposed by Vig in 1998. Since then, experimental investigations showed that LFE resonators show unique differences compared to common thickness field excited (TFE) resonators when used for liquid sensing. Due to the various modes of oscillation excited by LFE, the impedance spectrum cannot be properly calculated by one dimensional analysis, mostly sufficient for TFE. In our contribution, the interaction of piezoelectric disc and sample liquid, which is not fully manageable in an analytical way or too comprehensive for FEM, is modeled in a full-wave fashion by means of a semi-numerical method in the spectral domain (wavenumbers). The simulation results -shown for AT cut quartz and lithium niobate -enable a detailed analysis of the associated modes and their interaction with the liquid and qualitatively reproduce experimental data given in the literature.

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“…When the mode under consideration is a pure shear mode, such as the AT cut c-mode, then p,,? = 1, and the shear part of the augmented B V D circuit reduces to that given in the literature (e.g., in[4]). …”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Sensing the properties of liquids with doubly rotated resonators

Kim¹,

Vig²,

Ballato³

Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (Cat. No.98CH36165)

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Immersion of a resonator into a liquid results in changes inthe resonator's frequency and impedance. These changes have been used to characterize liquid properties. Frequency can be measured with far higher accuracy than impedance or any other quantity. The goal of the project described in this paper was to investigate whether or not it is possible to measure a liquid's properties by means of frequency measurements alone.When a doubly rotated resonator (e = 35' and Q, > Oo) is operated in a liquid, the displacement of the surface is partly out of the plane of the plate. By controlling the Q, angle, one may control the ratio of in-plane to out-of-plane displacements. The out-ofplane component of the displacement propagates a damped compressional wave into the liquid, while the in-plane component propagates a damped shear wave. The frequency changes of doubly rotated resonators have been measured in glycerol solutions of a variety of concentrations. At each concentration, the frequency change was found to increase with increasing I+ angle. A method is proposed for the determination of a fluid's density, viscosity and acoustic wave velocity.

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Measuring liquid properties with smooth- and textured-surface resonators

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Modeling-free evaluation of resonant liquid sensors for measuring viscosity and density

Modeling-free evaluation of resonant liquid sensors for measuring viscosity and density

A semi-numerical model of a lateral field excited piezoelectric fluid sensor

Sensing the properties of liquids with doubly rotated resonators

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