Measuring Myelin Repair and Axonal Loss with Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Fox, Robert J.; Cronin, Thomas D.; Lin, Jian; Wang, Xiaofeng; Sakaie, Kenneth Earl; Ontaneda, Daniel; Mahmoud, Safaa Rashad; Lowe, Mark J.; Phillips, Micheal D.

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2238

Cited by 116 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In patients with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab, an anti-inflammatory drug, an elevation of FA in demyelinating plaques following therapy was proposed to be related to remyelination. 20 Therefore, we speculate that these hyperintensities found in the central nonenhancing portion of TDLs may represent remyelination, an explanation in accordance with observations of others. 21,22 However, because their volumes were small compared with entire TDLs, their effect on overall MD and FA values was limited.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Differentiation of Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions from High-Grade Gliomas with the Use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Toh

Wei

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Differentiation of Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions from High-Grade Gliomas with the Use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Toh

Wei

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Additionally, in this study, FA decreases were in normal-appearing brain tissue in this time period (pooled ROIs of normal-appearing white matter and GM). 28 In the current study, however, we did not differentiate between lesional WM and normal-appearing white matter and we did not observe decreases in FA in the natalizumab group. Future work is required to specifically follow diffusion metrics in lesional WM under natalizumab treatment because the anti-inflammatory effect could particularly prevent damage or improve integrity in preactive or active lesions but could not be investigated in the current study because we did not have sufficient gadolinium-enhanced MR images available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

White Matter Diffusion Changes during the First Year of Natalizumab Treatment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Wiebenga¹,

Schoonheim²,

Hulst³

et al. 2016

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Moreover, it stimulates the development of natural killer T (NKT) cells, and it increases IL-4 and IFN-γ production by NKT cells [38]; it attenuates the proliferation of CD8+ T cells and their cytotoxic activity, by reducing the production of IL-2, IL-17 and IFN-γ; it exerts its immunomodulatory effects on T lymphocytes by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines (IL- is increased in demyelinating plaques [53][54][55], which may cause toxicity at later stages. Remyelination of demyelinated lesions has been observed in the early stages of MS [56][57][58], and it has been supported by neuroimaging findings [59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. However, remyelination is incomplete [66] and eventually ceases [67], perhaps due to the inability of OPC to migrate and reach the site of demyelination [68], or to a lack of suitable conditions for differentiation [69].…”

Section: Vitamin D Deficiency and Multiple Sclerosis: Role In The Susmentioning

confidence: 70%

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

Moretti

Morelli

Caruso

2018

Preprint

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It is widely known that vitamin D receptors have been found in neurons and glial cells and their highest expression is in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus and subcortical grey nuclei, and substantia nigra. The vitamin D helps the regulation of neurotrophin, neural differentiation and maturation, through the control operation of growing factors synthesis (ie NGF and GDNF), the trafficking of the septo-hyppocampal pathway, and the control of the synthesis process of different neuromodulators (such as Ach, DA, and GABA).Based on these assumptions, we have written this review in order to summarize the potential role of vitamin D in neurological pathologies. The work could be titanic, and might result very fuzzy and even incoherent, if we would not have conjectured to taper our first intentions and devoted our interests towards three mainstreams: demyelinating pathologies, vascular syndromes and neurodegeneration.Due to the lack of effective therapeutic options, a part from the disease modifying strategies, the role of different risk factors should be investigated in neurology, as far as their correction may lead to the improvement of the cerebral conditions.We have explored the relationships between the gene-environmental influence and long term vitamin D deficiency, as a risk factor for the development of different types of neurological disorders, along with the role and the rationale of therapeutic trials with vitamin D implementation. Peer-reviewed version available at Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2245 doi:10.3390/ijms19082245 3 SEARCH STRATEGY AND SELECTION CRITERIAWe searched MEDLINE using the search terms: "vitamin D central nervous system" , both "vitamin D" and "central nervous system"; "vitamin D immune system/response", both "vitamin D" and "immune system" or "immune response"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis risk", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis risk"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis relapse", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis relapse"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis magnetic resonance imaging", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis magnetic resonance imaging"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis disability", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis disability"; "vitamin D supplementation/therapy/treatment multiple sclerosis", both "vitamin D supplementation" or "vitamin D therapy" or "vitamin D treatment" and "multiple sclerosis"; "vascular dementia", both as -vascular-and -dementia-, "subcortical vascular dementia", both assubcortical-and -dementia-, "Alzheimer's disease", "pathogenesis neurodegeneration" "amyloid", "cholinergic afferents", "arteriolosclerosis", "cerebral flow regulation", "stroke". Publications were selected mostly form the past 20years, but did not exclude frequently referenced and highly regarded older publications. . Congress abstracts and isolated case reports were not considered. We searched the reference lists of articles identified by this search strategy and selected those we judged relevant. Review articles and book chapters are cited to provide with ...

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Measuring Myelin Repair and Axonal Loss with Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:DTI is an MR imaging measure of brain tissue integrity and provides an attractive metric for use in neuroprotection clinical trials. The purpose of our study was to use DTI to evaluate the longitudinal changes in brain tissue integrity in a group of patients with MS.

Cited by 116 publications

References 39 publications

Differentiation of Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions from High-Grade Gliomas with the Use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Differentiation of Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions from High-Grade Gliomas with the Use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging

White Matter Diffusion Changes during the First Year of Natalizumab Treatment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

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