Measuring precipitation in Eastern Himalaya: Ground validation of eleven satellite, model and gauge interpolated gridded products

Kumar, Manish; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Daloz, Anne Sophie; Sen, Sumit; Badiger, Shrinivas; Krishnaswamy, Jagdish

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126252

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…For different precipitation intensities, ERA5 and IMERG showed shortcomings of overestimating weak and underestimating high-intensity precipitation, which has been reported for eastern China 130 , 131 , the Himalayas 132 , North America 35 , and Central Asia 133 . The overestimation of weak precipitation can be explained by reasons for overall overestimation above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Specifically, ERA5-HRES is applicable for long-term, large-scale research, such as interdecadal variability and trend analysis, as noted by assessments on the Tibetan Plateau 94 , 123 . With higher spatial resolution and better characterization of daily precipitation, ERA5-Land has great potential for topographic precipitation detection and glacio-hydrological studies, which has also been suggested by a study in mountainous areas 132 . However, IMERG products still show advantages in some cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of IMERG and ERA5 precipitation products over the Mongolian Plateau

Xin

Yang

Chen

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Precipitation is an important component of the hydrological cycle and has significant impact on ecological environment and social development, especially in arid areas where water resources are scarce. As a typical arid and semi-arid region, the Mongolian Plateau is ecologically fragile and highly sensitive to climate change. Reliable global precipitation data is urgently needed for the sustainable development over this gauge-deficient region. With high-quality estimates, fine spatiotemporal resolutions, and wide coverage, the state-of-the-art Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) and European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) have great potential for regional climatic, hydrological, and ecological applications. However, how they perform has not been well investigated on the Mongolian Plateau. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of three IMERG V06 datasets (ER, LR and FR), two ERA5 products (ERA5-HRES and ERA5-Land), and their predecessors (TMPA-3B42 and ERA-Interim) over the region across 2001–2018. The results showed that all products broadly characterized seasonal precipitation cycles and spatial patterns, but only the three reanalysis products, IMERG FR and TMPA-3B42 could capture interannual and decadal variability. When describing daily precipitation, dataset performances ranked ERA5-Land > ERA5-HRES > ERA-Interim > IMERG FR > IMERG LR > IMERG ER > TMPA-3B42. All products showed deficiencies in overestimating weak precipitation and underestimating high-intensity precipitation. Besides, products performed best in agricultural lands and forests along the northern and south-eastern edges, followed by urban areas and grasslands closer to the center, and worst in the sparse vegetation and bare areas of the south-west. Due to a negative effect of topographic complexity, IMERG showed poor detection capabilities in forests. Accordingly, this research currently supports the applicability of reanalysis ERA5 data over the arid, topographically complex Mongolian Plateau, which can inform regional applications with different requirements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of IMERG and ERA5 precipitation products over the Mongolian Plateau

Xin

Yang

Chen

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The western section of the North region is mainly distributed in plain areas and near river valleys (with a lower altitude), while the northern section is located in peak gathering area (with a higher altitude), indicating that the three products are also sensitive to the identification of the maximum precipitation altitude zone. For the micro precipitation in high-altitude mountainous areas, although GPM shows a low detection rate for daily precipitation events (Figure 11), the V06 version of IMERG, based on the optimization of the system algorithm and the upgrading of the sensor level, improves the estimation error of the micro precipitation in a long-time scale (month, year) [46,96].…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Accuracy Of Satellite Precipitation ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Wang [44] and Li [45] et al took the Qilian Mountains as the research object. In the study comparing the applicability of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) reanalysis products with TRMM and the fifth generation of atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) [46,47], they found that there are great differences in the estimation of annual and seasonal precipitation in different precipitation datasets at high latitudes; Similar conclusions were reached in the Tianshan Mountains [48]. This illustrates the value of cross-comparisons of datasets to provide in-depth details on the performance of precipitation indicators data important for hydrological and climatic studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Evaluation and Estimation of Precipitation of Multi-Source Precipitation Products in Arid Areas of Northwest China—A Case Study of Tianshan Mountains

et al. 2022

Water

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In the arid areas of Northwest China, especially in the Tianshan Mountains, the scarcity of meteorological stations has brought some challenges in collecting accurate information to describe the spatial distribution of precipitation. In this study, the applicability of TRMM3B42, GPM IMERG, and MSWEP V2.2 in different regions of Tianshan Mountain is comprehensively evaluated by using ten statistical indicators, three classification indicators, and variation coefficients at different time–space scales, and the mechanism of accuracy difference of precipitation products is discussed. The results show that: (1) On the annual and monthly scales, the correlation between GPM and measured precipitation is the highest, and the ability of three precipitation products to capture precipitation in the wet season is stronger than that in the dry season; (2) On the daily scale, TRMM has the highest ability to estimate the frequency of light rain events, and MSWEP has the highest ability to monitor extreme precipitation events; (3) On the spatial scale, GPM has the highest fitting degree with the spatial distribution of precipitation in Tianshan Mountains, MSWEP is the closest to the precipitation differentiation pattern in Tianshan Mountains; (4) The three satellite products generally perform best in low and middle longitude regions and middle elevation regions. This study provides a reference for the selection of grid precipitation datasets for hydrometeorological simulation in northwest arid areas and also provides a basis for multi-source data assimilation and fusion.

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“…At catchment scales, most of such studies have come from the Western and Central (Nepal) Himalaya and have focused on establishing linkages between stream characteristics and land-use forms, including the role of TMFs (Sharma et al , 2007;Krishnaswamy, 2017). The region is projected to experience significant warming (0.8-1.2 °C decade -1 ), increasingly drier winters and wetter monsoon and summer seasons trends under climate change (Krishnan et al , 2019;Kumar et al , 2021). Broad-leaved secondary forests form a significant portion (32.5 %) of total area under TMFs in Sikkim and are likely to have distinctly altered carbon and water cycles than primary forests (Kanade and John, 2018;Bhutia et al , 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transpiration drives diurnal and seasonal streamflow in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya

Kumar

Bhutia

Joseph

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Vegetation studies establishing direct mechanistic linkages between stand transpiration and streamflow are rare from sub-tropical and tropical montane forests (TMFs) like Himalaya. We quantified the impact of diurnal and seasonal transpiration on lean season streamflow in a broad-leaved evergreen secondary TMF in Eastern Himalaya. Whole-tree and stand transpiration were measured using Granier’s thermal dissipiation sap flow probes at one of the wettest (4500 mm yr-1) and highest elevation (2100 m) sites in the world to date. The observed daily and annual transpiration rates were double of the reported values from TMFs in relatively drier Central Himalaya, but at the lower bound of TMFs globally. Solar radiation was the key driver of transpiration in energy-limited winter under hydrated conditions. Vapour pressure deficit (D) controlled transpiration in energy-abundant summer. We also found that moderate precipitation events (10-30 mm) followed by clear skies can induce significant increase (93±110 %) in stand transpiration. In turn, transpiration was the main driver of lean season streamflow in dry winter and to a lesser extent in wet summer. Thus, in winter, the transpiration-driven abstraction induced corresponding diurnal cycles in soil moisture and streamflow with an average lag of 1.3±1.8 hours and 2.9±2.5 hours, respectively, and strong negative correlations (-0.8±0.1). Thus, changes in vegetation cover and precipitation patterns are likely to impact local and regional moisture recycling by vegetation and lean season flow, thereby affecting regional water security in the Eastern Himalaya.

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Measuring precipitation in Eastern Himalaya: Ground validation of eleven satellite, model and gauge interpolated gridded products

Cited by 53 publications

References 95 publications

Evaluation of IMERG and ERA5 precipitation products over the Mongolian Plateau

Evaluation of IMERG and ERA5 precipitation products over the Mongolian Plateau

Spatiotemporal Evaluation and Estimation of Precipitation of Multi-Source Precipitation Products in Arid Areas of Northwest China—A Case Study of Tianshan Mountains

Transpiration drives diurnal and seasonal streamflow in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya

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