Measuring Relative Wind Speeds in Stratospheric Balloons with Cup Anemometers: The TASEC-Lab Mission

Alfonso-Corcuera, Daniel; Ogueta-Gutiérrez, Mikel; Fernández-Soler, Alejandro; Bárcena, David González; Pindado, Santiago

doi:10.3390/s22155575

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Finally, it is also fair to say that in the case of extreme atmospheric phenomena such as tornadoes or hurricanes, which can create large variations in air density, it is possible to correct the velocity by multiplying it by the root of the quotient between the air density during the calibration of the instrument and the air density during the measurement process. This procedure is based on the work of Bauer and Mason [49], who studied the performance of an instrument very similar to a cup anemometer operating in both water and air, and it has been used by researchers of the IDR/UPM Institute to test the possible use of cup anemometers to measure wind speed in stratospheric balloon missions [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Monitoring of Mast-Mounted Cup Anemometers Multivariate Analysis with ROOT

Mangano

Vega

Martı́nez

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This paper analyzes the field performance of two cup anemometers installed in Zaragoza (Spain). Data acquired over almost three years, from January 2015 to December 2017, were analyzed. The effect of the different variables (wind speed, temperature, harmonics, wind speed variations, etc.) on two cup anemometers was studied. Data analysis was performed with ROOT, an open-source scientific software toolkit developed by CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) for the study of particle physics. The effects of temperature, wind speed, and wind dispersion (as a first approximation to atmospheric turbulence) on the first and third harmonics of the anemometers’ rotation speed (i.e., the anemometers’ output signature) were studied together with their evolution throughout the measurement period. The results are consistent with previous studies on the influence of velocity, turbulence, and temperature on the anemometer performance. Although more research is needed to assess the effect of the anemometer wear and tear degradation on the harmonic response of the rotor’s angular speed, the results show the impact of a recalibration on the performance of an anemometer by comparing this performance with that of a second anemometer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Monitoring of Mast-Mounted Cup Anemometers Multivariate Analysis with ROOT

Mangano

Vega

Martı́nez

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…This assumption (Equation ( 4)) has previously been made in studies concerning the use of this type of instrument in high-altitude conditions, such as stratospheric balloon missions [34]. However, it must be admitted that the results obtained in that research, although reasonable, should be re-evaluated with a new, more accurate model based on experimental results of the influence of air density variation on the performances of the cup anemometer.…”

Section: Effect Of Air Density Variations On Cup Anemometers Performa...mentioning

confidence: 93%

On the Variation of Cup Anemometer Performance Due to Changes in the Air Density

Alfonso-Corcuera,

Meseguer-Garrido,

Torralbo-Gimeno

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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In the present paper, the effect of air density variations on cup anemometer performance is analyzed. The effect on the sensor’s performance is mainly due to the difference between the altitude at which the cup anemometer is working and the altitude at which this instrument was calibrated. Data from the available literature are thoroughly analyzed, focusing on explaining the coupled effect of the air temperature on both the rotor’s friction torque and the air density (that is, related to the aerodynamic torque on the rotor). As a result, the effect of air density variation at constant temperature (that is, leaving aside any variation of friction forces at the anemometer rotor shaft) on the sensor transfer function (i.e., on the calibration constants) is evaluated. The analysis carried out revealed a trend change in the variation with air density of the transfer function of the cup anemometer. For densities greater than 0.65, the calibration constants of the instrument have a variation with density that must necessarily change suddenly as the start-up speed, represented by the calibration constant B, becomes zero around this value of air density. To highlight the relevance of the present research, some estimations of the effect of wind speed measurement errors associated with air density changes on the Annual Energy Production (AEP) of wind turbines are included. A 1.5% decrease in the AEP forecast at air density corresponding to 2917 m above sea level is estimated for 3000–4500 kW wind turbines.

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“…The critical yaw angles αr and αl remain as previously defined, and are given in Equation (15) as: By triangle similarity, we have:…”

Section: Side Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following fundamental contributions such as the simple mechanical wind indicator developed by Robert Hooke (1635-1703) and Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723), which measured wind speed based on the directional deflection of a hanging plate oriented into the direction from which the wind was blowing [14], more complex mechanical and ultrasonic wind sensors were developed. The cup anemometer for instance, has become a widely used device for accurate horizontal wind speed measurement, improving upon the previous techniques [15]. The use of pitot tubes in airspeed measurement has also gained prominence because of their advantages in measuring fluid flow where the use of anemometers is impractical, in addition to their characteristic low cost, minimal friction losses, simple set up, and ease of installation merits [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Speed Measurement via Visual Recognition of Wind-Induced Waving Light Stick Target

Zhou

Kasimu

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Wind measurement in confined spaces is a challenge due to the influence of the dimensions of anemometers in intrusive flow-field measurements where the anemometer probes directly contact and influence the near-probe flow field. In this work, a new wind speed detection methodology is proposed based on wind-induced motion of a stick via vision-based recognition. The target’s displacement in pixel coordinates is mapped to its angular displacement in world coordinates to derive wind speed and direction information by applying the calibration coefficients. Simulation experiments were carried out to validate the model, the error of which was within an angular displacement of 4.0° and 3.0° for wind speed and direction detections, respectively. When applied to the measurement of wind speed in the inner equipment cabin of a stationary high-speed train, the error was within ±1.1 m/s in terms of average RMSE. Thus, the proposed method provides an accurate and economic option for monitoring 2D wind in a confined space.

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Measuring Relative Wind Speeds in Stratospheric Balloons with Cup Anemometers: The TASEC-Lab Mission

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Performance Monitoring of Mast-Mounted Cup Anemometers Multivariate Analysis with ROOT

Performance Monitoring of Mast-Mounted Cup Anemometers Multivariate Analysis with ROOT

On the Variation of Cup Anemometer Performance Due to Changes in the Air Density

Wind Speed Measurement via Visual Recognition of Wind-Induced Waving Light Stick Target

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