Measuring Sleep Quality and Efficiency With an Activity Monitoring Device in Comparison to Polysomnography

Abstract

BackgroundMonitoring for physical activity becomes popular and actually many devices are available. Some physical activity monitors (PAMs) provide data about sleep quality for the user, but there are scarce data concerning validity and usability of these measurements. This study compared the data of sleep parameters generated by a PAM with the polysomnography (PSG).MethodsIn 2016, data of 26 patients in two consecutive PSGs as well as in two daytime and nighttime measurements with a PAM according to physical activity and sleep quality were collected. Furthermore, sleep quality, using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), daytime fatigue, using the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) and additionally data of a sleep diary were collected.ResultsThere were positive correlations of both methods with respect to total sleep time (TST) (r = 0.76, P < 0.01) and sleep efficiency (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). Data analysis over two nights showed that over 90% of the TST (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.59 to 0.82) and of the sleep efficiency (95% CI -8.28 to 15.51) were within the limits of agreement. The analysis of the PSQI and the sleep efficiency of the PAM showed no significant correlations. The daytime fatigue correlated negatively with the physical activity (r = -0.72, P < 0.01).ConclusionThe sleep efficiency and TST measured with the PAM sufficiently reflect the PSG sleep parameters and the subjects’ subjective feelings. At the same time, PAM results are also correlated with the subjectively perceived quality of sleep. Further investigations to assess the long-term results are pending.

A Scoping Review of the Literature on Sleep Quality in Adult Lung Transplant Recipients

“…23 Actigraphy devices measure motions with an idea that people move when awake with progressive reduction in motion when asleep, discriminating sleep and wake cycles. 18 The sleep efficiency and total sleep time measured with actigraphy devices reflect the polysomnographic sleep parameters and have been validated in healthy and clinical populations. 19 Spielmanns et al 18 found that these devices have advantages of convenience of use, cost effectiveness, and continuous recording.…”

“…9,12,15,16 These indices can be measured subjectively, via patients' selfreports, or objectively from the physiological parameters generated from polysomnography), actigraphy, and wearable sleep trackers. 11,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22] While polysomnography is the gold standard for physiologically measuring sleep and diagnosing sleep disorders, 17 it is expensive and takes place in a medical setting as opposed to actigraphy, which is an activity-based assessment of sleep quality worn as a wristwatch or as an attachment to the belt. 23 Actigraphy devices measure motions with an idea that people move when awake with progressive reduction in motion when asleep, discriminating sleep and wake cycles.…”

“…18 The sleep efficiency and total sleep time measured with actigraphy devices reflect the polysomnographic sleep parameters and have been validated in healthy and clinical populations. 19 Spielmanns et al 18 found that these devices have advantages of convenience of use, cost effectiveness, and continuous recording. Compared to polysomnography, sleep data are collected an individual's home, as opposed to a sleep laboratory.…”

“…Sleep Quality Measures and Instruments with Associated Descriptions. , total sleep time, wake time after sleep onset, as well as sleep phases such as REM sleep and non-REM sleep12,17 ActigraphyRelies on an accelerometer to measure motion with the premise that people move when awake with progressive reduction in motion when asleep, especially in the deepest stages of sleep, discriminating sleep and wake cycles18 Convenient to use, cost effective, and provide continuous recording18 Wearable sleep-trackers Measure signals such as heart rate, skin conductance, and motion from which the information about sleep is derived 19 Self-report Instruments Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 11 19-item self-report questionnaire assessing global sleep quality score and 7 component scores: Sleep Quality, Sleep Latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency (the ratio of sleep duration by time spent in bed), sleep disturbance (eg using the washroom), use of sleeping medications, and daytime dysfunction. 11 A global PSQI score of 5 or higher provides a sensitive and specific measure of poor sleep quality 11 Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI) 20,21 7-item instrument that measures patient's perceptions of insomnia.…”

Effectiveness of a Cool Bed Linen for Thermal Comfort and Sleep Quality in Air-Conditioned Bedroom under Hot-Humid Climate

“…The study found that the sleep quality decreases with increased air temperature and air velocity. Commercially available wrist wearable devices such as a Garmin or Polar activity tracker are also found accurately measure sleep data, as pointed out in studies by Brooke et al [36], Lee et al [37] and Spielmanns et al [38]. Therefore, the combined use of a questionnaire survey and a wrist wearable device in evaluating both thermal comfort and sleep quality could be explored.…”