Measuring Spatial Dynamics in Metropolitan Areas

Rey, Sergio J.; Anselin, Luc; Folch, David C.; Arribas‐Bel, Daniel; Gutiérrez, Myrna L. Sastré; Interlante, Lindsey

doi:10.1177/0891242410383414

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We know that neighborhoods have momentum and that both improvement and decline of neighborhoods follow spatial patterns that are frequently represented by diffusion or contagion models (Rey & Anselin, 2011; van Ham et al, 2012). Multi-scalar segregation may help us represent how processes are transmitted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation as a multiscalar phenomenon and its implications for neighborhood-scale research: the case of South Seattle 1990–2010

Fowler

2015

Urban Geography

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Neighborhoods and neighborhood change are often at least implicitly understood in relation to processes taking place at scales both smaller than and larger than the neighborhood itself. Until recently our capacity to represent these multi-scalar processes with quantitative measures has been limited. Recent work on “segregation profiles” by Reardon and collaborators (Reardon et al., 2008, 2009) expands our capacity to explore the relationship between population measures and scale. With the methodological tools now available, we need a conceptual shift in how we view population measures in order to bring our theories and measures of neighborhoods into alignment. I argue that segregation can be beneficially viewed as multi-scalar; not a value calculable at some ‘correct’ scale, but a continuous function with respect to scale. This shift requires new ways of thinking about and analyzing segregation with respect to scale that engage with the complexity of the multi-scalar measure. Using block level data for eight neighborhoods in Seattle, Washington I explore the implications of a multi-scalar segregation measure for understanding neighborhoods and neighborhood change from 1990 to 2010.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation as a multiscalar phenomenon and its implications for neighborhood-scale research: the case of South Seattle 1990–2010

Fowler

2015

Urban Geography

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“…[57]. Generally speaking, these methods use demographic characteristics of the initial areas to create clusters of homogeneous, contiguous regions [58]. Although a number of methods have been proposed for creating small-areas, these were deemed inappropriate for our study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do More Hospital Beds Lead to Higher Hospitalization Rates? A Spatial Examination of Roemer’s Law

et al. 2013

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BackgroundRoemer’s Law, a widely cited principle in health care policy, states that hospital beds that are built tend to be used. This simple but powerful expression has been invoked to justify Certificate of Need regulation of hospital beds in an effort to contain health care costs. Despite its influence, a surprisingly small body of empirical evidence supports its content. Furthermore, known geographic factors influencing health services use and the spatial structure of the relationship between hospital bed availability and hospitalization rates have not been sufficiently explored in past examinations of Roemer’s Law. We pose the question, “Accounting for space in health care access and use, is there an observable association between the availability of hospital beds and hospital utilization?”MethodsWe employ an ecological research design based upon the Anderson behavioral model of health care utilization. This conceptual model is implemented in an explicitly spatial context. The effect of hospital bed availability on the utilization of hospital services is evaluated, accounting for spatial structure and controlling for other known determinants of hospital utilization. The stability of this relationship is explored by testing across numerous geographic scales of analysis. The case study comprises an entire state system of hospitals and population, evaluating over one million inpatient admissions.ResultsWe find compelling evidence that a positive, statistically significant relationship exists between hospital bed availability and inpatient hospitalization rates. Additionally, the observed relationship is invariant with changes in the geographic scale of analysis.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for the effects of Roemer’s Law, thus suggesting that variations in hospitalization rates have origins in the availability of hospital beds. This relationship is found to be robust across geographic scales of analysis. These findings suggest continued regulation of hospital bed supply to assist in controlling hospital utilization is justified.

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“…Analytical regions were delineated by grouping the administrative neighborhoods using the Max-PRegions algorithm in ClusterPy software (Juan C. Duque, Dev, Betancourt, & Franco, 2011;Juan Carlos Duque, Anselin, & Rey, 2012). 1 This process has been used in previous research on the urban spatial structure and spatial dynamics of major U.S. metropolitan areas (Arribas-Bel & Schmidt, 2013;Rey et al, 2011), pediatric mortality in Brazil (Leyk, Norlund, & Nuckols, 2012), interregional inequality in Mexico (Rey & Sastré-Gutiérrez, 2010), intraurban inequalities in Accra, Ghana (Stow, Lippitt, & Weeks, 2010;Weeks, Hill, Stow, Getis, & Fugate, 2006;Weeks et al, 2007), and intra-urban poverty in Medellin, Colombia (Juan C. Duque et al, 2013). Regionalization can reduce the spurious spatial autocorrelation that is present when analyzing smaller administrative spatial units (Weeks et al, 2007).…”

Section: Spatial Unit Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout

et al. 2014

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ElsevierPatiño Quinchía, JE.; Juan Carlos Duque; Pardo Pascual, JE.; Ruiz Fernández, LÁ. (2014). Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout. Applied Geography. 55:48-60. doi:10.1016Geography. 55:48-60. doi:10. /j.apgeog.2014 Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout AbstractThe link between place and crime is at the base of social ecology theories of crime that focus in the relationship of the characteristics of geographical areas and crime rates. The broken windows theory states that visible cues of physical and social disorder in a neighborhood can lead to an increase in more serious crime. The crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) planning approach seeks to deter criminal behavior by creating defensible spaces. Based on the premise that a settlement's appearance is a reflection of the society, we ask whether a neighborhood's design has a quantifiable imprint when seen from space using urban fabric descriptors computed from very high spatial-resolution imagery. We tested which land cover, structure and texture descriptors were significantly related to intra-urban homicide rates in Medellin, Colombia, while controlling for socioeconomic confounders. The percentage of impervious surfaces other than clay roofs, the fraction of clay roofs to impervious surfaces, two structure descriptors related to the homogeneity of the urban layout, and the uniformity texture descriptor were all statistically significant. Areas with higher homicide rates tended to have higher local variation and less general homogeneity; that is, the urban layouts were more crowded and cluttered, with small dwellings with different roofing materials located in close proximity to one another, and these regions often lacked other homogeneous surfaces such as open green spaces, wide roads, or large facilities. These results seem to be in agreement with the broken windows theory and CPTED in the sense that more heterogeneous and disordered urban layouts are associated with higher homicide rates.

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Measuring Spatial Dynamics in Metropolitan Areas

Cited by 35 publications

References 56 publications

Segregation as a multiscalar phenomenon and its implications for neighborhood-scale research: the case of South Seattle 1990–2010

Segregation as a multiscalar phenomenon and its implications for neighborhood-scale research: the case of South Seattle 1990–2010

Do More Hospital Beds Lead to Higher Hospitalization Rates? A Spatial Examination of Roemer’s Law

Using remote sensing to assess the relationship between crime and the urban layout

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