Measuring the effectiveness of San Francisco’s planning standard for pedestrian wind comfort

Kim, Hyungkyoo; Macdonald, Elizabeth

doi:10.1080/13504509.2016.1232319

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Outdoor public spaces in these residential areas are not only a transition between the residential unit and urban space but also an important place for older people to interact with nature and engage in healthy daily behaviours. The quality of these spaces can significantly influence the wellness of older people [16][17][18]. Similar to the development of urban construction in Western developed countries, China has transitioned from an era of mass building to a stage of stock building regeneration [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Space Elements in Urban Residential Areas in Shenzhen, China: Optimization Based on Health-Promoting Behaviours of Older People

Zhang

Shao

Tang

et al. 2023

Land

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Given the ageing global population, it is important to promote “healthy ageing”. One of the most effective ways to achieve this is by prolonging the health of older people. Both the physical and mental well-being of older people are closely related to their living environment. Providing daily outdoor activities and enhancing the quality of public spaces and amenities in residential areas can encourage the adoption of healthy behaviours among older people. This study selected eight typical residential areas in Shenzhen, China, and analysed 40 outdoor public spaces. Video content obtained from fixed-point behavioural observation was entered into the Mangold INTERACT behavioural analysis system to extract the health behaviour data of older people. Regression analysis was then performed on the health behaviour data and the index data of the sample space elements. The results showed that several factors affect the outdoor health behaviours of older people. These factors include the scale of the outdoor space, the size of the hard ground area, the quality of the grey space, the green-looking rate, the accessibility of the site, the number of fitness facilities, and the richness of site functions. This study focused on a host of health-related behaviours such as rest, leisure, communication, and exercise. It confirmed the corresponding spatial needs of the elderly when engaging in the aforesaid activities. In this way, the quantitative research has supplemented previous studies by studying and evaluating the behaviour and activities of the elderly in specific settings. Through the analyses, a configuration model of outdoor space in residential areas was constructed with the aim of health promotion. Based on this model, a flexible and multilevel configuration list revealing seven specific types under three priorities is being proposed. The findings provide a scientific and effective strategy for optimising the quality of outdoor environments in residential areas. More specifically, the deployment of the Mangold INTERACT system to extract and quantify behavioural data enabled this study to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches to behavioural observation and recording. This provides a prelude for other quantitative research on the environment and behaviour.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Space Elements in Urban Residential Areas in Shenzhen, China: Optimization Based on Health-Promoting Behaviours of Older People

Zhang

Shao

Tang

et al. 2023

Land

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“…It is characterized by physical symptoms, such as high body temperature, dry skin and a lack of sweating and neurological symptoms, such as irritation, dizziness and difficulty breathing (Kovats and Hajat, 2008). Heat stress is closely related to thermal comfort, a subjective evaluation index of residents' health and well-being (Singh et al, 2011) that is affected by environmental conditions, such as air temperature, wind level, solar radiation, humidity and personal factors, including metabolic rate and clothing insulation (Kim and Macdonald, 2017;Nicol, 2004). Recent studies have demonstrated that increased air temperature can not only lead to increased heat stress, but can also increase energy use for air-conditioning (Johansson and Emmanuel, 2006;Kim et al, 2018;Ndetto and Matzarakis, 2013Ng et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do paving and planting strategies affect microclimate conditions and thermal comfort in apartment complexes?

Choi¹,

Kim

et al. 2021

IJCCSM

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Purpose In cities with high density, heat is often trapped between buildings which increases the frequency and intensity of heat events. Researchers have focused on developing strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of heat in cities. Adopting green infrastructure and cooling pavements are some of the many ways to promote thermal comfort against heat. The purpose of this study is to improve microclimate conditions and thermal comfort levels in high-density living conditions in Seoul, South Korea. Design/methodology/approach This study compares six design alternatives of an apartment complex with different paving and planting systems. It also examines the thermal outcome of the alternatives under normal and extreme heat conditions to suggest strategies to secure acceptable thermal comfort levels for the inhabitants. Each alternative is analyzed using ENVI-met, a software program that simulates microclimate conditions and thermal comfort features based on relationships among buildings, vegetation and pavements. Findings The results indicate that grass paving was more effective than stone paving in lowering air temperature and improving thermal comfort at the near-surface level. Coniferous trees were found to be more effective than broadleaf trees in reducing temperature. Thermal comfort levels were most improved when coniferous trees were planted in paired settings. Practical implications Landscape elements show promise for the improvement of thermal conditions because it is much easier to redesign landscape elements, such as paving or planting, than to change fixed urban elements like buildings and roads. The results identified the potential of landscape design for improving microclimate and thermal comfort in urban residential complexes. Originality/value The results contribute to the literature by examining the effect of tree species and layout on thermal comfort levels, which has been rarely investigated in previous studies.

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Effects of windward and leeward wind directions on outdoor thermal and wind sensation in Tehran

Hadianpour

Mahdavinejad

Bemanian

et al. 2019

Building and Environment

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Measuring the effectiveness of San Francisco’s planning standard for pedestrian wind comfort

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Outdoor Space Elements in Urban Residential Areas in Shenzhen, China: Optimization Based on Health-Promoting Behaviours of Older People

Outdoor Space Elements in Urban Residential Areas in Shenzhen, China: Optimization Based on Health-Promoting Behaviours of Older People

How do paving and planting strategies affect microclimate conditions and thermal comfort in apartment complexes?

Effects of windward and leeward wind directions on outdoor thermal and wind sensation in Tehran

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