Measuring the effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and antibiotic resistance: The Palestinian-Israeli Collaborative Research (PICR)

Pneumococcal serotype distribution: A snapshot of recent data in pediatric and adult populations around the world

“…In contrast, from the 30 studies assessing carriage unrelated to IPD among children, only 5 studies reported PCV serotypes accounting for more than 50% of the total serotypes. 31,33,40,41,44 It would appear from the current snapshot that the introduction of PCV has had a greater impact in reducing nasopharyngeal carriage of PCV-specific serotypes among children without IPD than on IPD itself; further pneumococcal surveillance in coming years may show an additional impact on IPD cases caused by PCV serotypes in pediatric populations. PCV serotypes were responsible for >60% of total serotypes in IPD cases in few studies among adults aged 65 y and older 6,58 and 15-59 y.…”

“…25 In contrast, conjugate vaccine serotypes causing non-IPD conditions among children were more than 50% prevalent in only 5 of 30 studies (Table 1). 31,33,40,41,44 Prevalence of serotypes uniquely covered by PPV23 was reported in a total of 33 papers. Most often ranking in the top 3 among those serotypes in PPV23 but not in PCV13 for IPDrelated pneumococcal illness were serotypes 15B (or 15B/C) reported in 9 papers 6,[8][9][10]15,17,20,24,26 at up to 11.8% prevalent, 26 5 papers reporting serotype 22F ( 11.3%) 15 Prevalence of serotypes not covered by any pneumococcal vaccines (i.e., PCV13 or PPV23) was reported in a total of 34 papers.…”

The impact of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccination program on the nasopharyngeal carriage, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy children in Turkey

“…Benefits may also be observed as a result of the introduction of the PCV. However, the effect of the PCV vaccination program on antibiotic resistance remains a subject of debate as some clinical trials have reported no changes in the rates of antibiotic resistance, whereas others have reported either increased or decreased antibiotic resistance [32]. Only a limited number of studies regarding the antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumoniae were performed before the implementation of the PCV.…”

Comparison of early effects of PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 on S. pneumoniae (SP) nasopharyngeal carriage in a population based study; the Palestinian-Israeli Collaborative Research (PICR)

“…This surveillance provided the opportunity to assess the initial effects of PCV10 compared to PCV13. Children and their parents were screened for nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage as previously described [7]. In brief, medical history data, including vaccination history, were collected from the parents by a study coordinator and from the medical files by the physicians.…”