Measuring the soot onset temperature in high-pressure n-dodecane spray pyrolysis

Skeen, Scott A.; Yasutomi, Koji

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.09.030

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The simulation results target and are compared to the experimental measurements of Skeen and Yasutomi (2018). In these experiments, n-dodecane fuel sprays were injected into an optically accessible, high-pressure, constant-volume combustion chamber capable of emulating ambient conditions up to 1,800 K and 350 atm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soot volume fraction measurements were performed via diffuse back-illumination extinction imaging (DBI-EI). The reader is referred to Skeen and Yasutomi (2018) for details of the experimental setup and procedures to extract soot mass. There are many sources of experimental uncertainties such as soot density, the dimensionless extinction coefficient of soot, or the injected fuel mass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many sources of experimental uncertainties such as soot density, the dimensionless extinction coefficient of soot, or the injected fuel mass. The first two sources have been the subject of countless publications, including the aforementioned work (Skeen and Yasutomi, 2018) and will not be discussed here. On the other hand, the uncertainty associated with the injected fuel quantity is a crucial boundary condition to the current CFD study and is described in detail in Section 2.3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we perform CFD simulations of n-dodecane soot formation process under engine relevant conditions using the CONVERGE commercial software (Richards et al, 2020). The simulations are setup to model the pyrolysis experiments in a constant-volume chamber of Skeen and Yasutomi (2018), which are at higher pressures than most other data in the literature. Examining the soot formation process under oxygen-starved pyrolysis conditions alleviates the difficulties associated with the competing effects between soot growth and oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Effects of Chemical Mechanism on Soot Formation Under High-Pressure Fuel Pyrolysis

et al. 2021

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We performed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence model of high-pressure spray pyrolysis with a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism encompassing pyrolysis of n-dodecane and formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We compare the results using the detailed mechanism and those found using several different reduced chemical mechanisms to experiments carried out in an optically accessible, high-pressure, constant-volume combustion chamber. Three different soot models implemented in the CONVERGE CFD software are used: an empirical soot model, a method of moments, and a discrete sectional method. There is a large variation in the prediction of the soot between different combinations of chemical mechanisms and soot model. Furthermore, the amount of soot produced from all models is substantially less than experimental measurements. All of this indicates that there is still substantial work that needs to be done to arrive at simulations that can be relied on to accurately predict soot formation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Effects of Chemical Mechanism on Soot Formation Under High-Pressure Fuel Pyrolysis

et al. 2021

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“…Skeen and Yasutomi [17] used DBIEI of soot based on Westlye et al [12] to quantify the temporal evolution of soot and total soot mass formed in a n-dodecane spray pyrolysis. The flame luminosity is measured and subtracted from the measurement by alternating the light source every second frame, but the estimation method used is not described in detail, nor is the uncertainty on KL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse Back-Illuminated Extinction Imaging of Soot: Effects of Beam Steering and Flame Luminosity

Bjørgen

Emberson

Løvås

2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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This study presents diagnostic development of diffuse backilluminated extinction imaging of soot. The method provides high temporal and spatial resolution of the line-of-sight optical density of soot (KL) in compression-ignited fuel sprays relevant to automotive applications. The method is subjected to two major sources of error, beam steering effects and broadband flame luminosity effects. These were investigated in detail in a direct injection combustion chamber with diesel fuel, under high and low sooting conditions. A new method for correcting flame luminosity effects is presented and involves measuring the flame luminosity using a separate high-speed camera via a beam splitter. The new method and existing methods are applied and the resulting flame luminosity correction errors are compared. The new method yields 50% lower errors than the most promising method (optical flow method). The impact on KL was investigated, showing that the KL uncertainty when using the optical flow method is unbounded for KL values above 2.7, while the new method has an uncertainty of 0.5 for the maximum KL value of 3.8. The new method yields overall lower uncertainties and is more suited to measuring KL in optical thick conditions. Large refractive index gradients in the path of the incident light cause false attenuation, resulting in ambiguity of the measured KL, referred to as beam steering. A detailed investigation of the beam steering effects caused by the non-uniformities in the diffused light source was performed. A beam steering model was made and qualitatively validated from experiments. The results from the beam steering model showed the importance of having a large collection angle, in order to average out small-scale non-uniformities in the light source. The model also showed that large-scale non-uniformities in the light source could affect the measurement even if the collection angle is large.

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Spray penetration, combustion, and soot formation characteristics of the ECN Spray C and Spray D injectors in multiple combustion facilities

Maes

Skeen²,

Bardi³

et al. 2020

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Measuring the soot onset temperature in high-pressure n-dodecane spray pyrolysis

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Investigating the Effects of Chemical Mechanism on Soot Formation Under High-Pressure Fuel Pyrolysis

Investigating the Effects of Chemical Mechanism on Soot Formation Under High-Pressure Fuel Pyrolysis

Diffuse Back-Illuminated Extinction Imaging of Soot: Effects of Beam Steering and Flame Luminosity

Spray penetration, combustion, and soot formation characteristics of the ECN Spray C and Spray D injectors in multiple combustion facilities

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