Measuring Women's Psychological Well-Being in Indonesia

Abstract

This paper describes the development of a set of measures of women's psychological well-being in Indonesia, identifies meaningful clusters of women based on the well-being measures, and explores the sociodemographic factors associated with these well-being clusters. This is the first published study to measure psychological well-being among a large sample of Indonesians and the first to focus on women in that country. Rather than use standard measures of psychological well-being developed in Western nations and untested among Asian women, focus groups were conducted to develop an understanding of Indonesian women's perceptions of their own well-being. The focus group findings were used to develop 41 questionnaire items to measure psychological well-being, and the questionnaire was administered to 796 women in Sumatra and Lampung. Factor analysis reduced the well-being variables into five factors accounting for 45% of the total variance: (1) general negative feelings; (2) satisfaction with relationships and ability to control fertility; (3) satisfaction with economic, family and personal conditions; (4) negative feelings regarding marital and domestic issues; and (5) ability to pursue activities outside the home. We constructed five scales based on these factors. Based on their scores on these scales, women grouped into three clusters differentiated by their scores on four of the five scales. Low levels of psychological well-being were associated in bivariate analyses with: (1) rural residence; (2) young age (under age 30); (3) marriage before age 20; (4) low socioeconomic status; and (5) lower educational attainment.

Ensuring reliability and cultural validity of the Indonesian version of the Quality Of Life Index for patients with cancer

“…In addition, scores for this item might have been affected by the social desirability response bias. According to religious teachings, Indonesians believe that they must have gratitude in life; thus, they do not want others to think that they are not satisfied with their lives (Eggleston et al, 2001). Personality traits such as psychological well‐being (vs. psychological distress) are said to be closely linked to social desirability, and because well‐being is clearly more desirable than distress, being asked about satisfaction may bias one toward socially desirable responses (Furr & Bacharach, 2014).…”

An Indonesian model of well‐being: The integration of universal and cultural factors

“…Previous studies indicated that religious practices were positively associated with Indonesians' quality of life (Yeo, 2014) as well as with stronger social cohesion (Yuniarti, 2006). Previous studies with the Indonesian population have shown that socioeconomic factors, such as income (Eggleston, Hardee, Irwanto, Poerwandari, & Severy, 2001), employment status (Rahayu, 2016), health (Eggleston et al, 2001), and gender differences (Landiyanto et al, 2011), are associated with well‐being. However, other studies have not fully supported these associations (e.g., Safarina, Mawarpury, & Sari, 2014; Sohn, 2013) and have highlighted the importance of other factors, such as religious values and principles, which influence attitudes, values, and people's interactions with each other (Primasari & Yuniarti, 2012; Yeo, 2014; Yuniarti, 2006).…”

Internal Validation of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale:Rasch Analysis in the Indonesian Context

“…The measurement of well-beingin Indonesia mainly utilizes Psychological (Eggleston et al, 2001; to measure two distinctive bodies of well-being. Moreover, Maulana, Khawaja, and Obst (2019) developed the Indonesian Well-being scale, which measures dimensions, namely (1) Spirituality,…”