Mechanical and durability properties of concrete containing zeolite mixed with meta‐kaolin and micro‐nano bubbles of water

Abstract

This research investigates the effect of using pozzolans as a substitution for a part of cement in concrete sample production, and using micro‐nano bubbles of water as a replacement for water in the mixture of concrete samples. We also sought to determine the optimal combination of zeolite and meta‐kaolin mixed with micro‐nano bubbles of water on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete samples. The results of the experiments indicate that using 10% zeolite in the concrete samples increased compressive strength and flexural strength by 3.7 and 17.85%, respectively. It also decreased 30 min water absorption, 24 hr water absorption and chloride permeability by 4.34, 16.61, and 41.52%, respectively, at the age of 28 days compared to the control sample. In addition, samples containing micro‐nano bubbles of water with 50 and 100% replacement for water in mixed concrete increased the compressive strength by 8.82 and 13.2%, increased the tensile strength by 10 and 19.64%, and decreased 24‐hr water absorption by 14.13 and 18.96% at the age of 28 days compared to the control samples. The best outcomes were achieved with a combination of 10% zeolite, and 10% meta‐kaolin mixed with 100% micro‐nano bubbles of water, which increased compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength by 14.85, 18.37, and 5.92%, respectively, compared to the control sample. Moreover, it decreased 24‐hr water absorption and chloride penetration at the age of 90 days by 17.56 and 80.45%, respectively, as compared to the control sample.

The effect of water to cement ratio and age on the mechanical properties of cement mortar and concrete made of micro‐nano bubbles without adding any admixtures

“…This trend can be attributed to the presence of micro‐nano bubble that in the CWMN (X) samples, the majority of the hydration products are formed at the early ages and when concrete samples reach to 90 days age, the increasing rate of compressive strength could become slower than 28 days age. The same results obtained in the previous studies of Khoshroo et al 12 and Mohsen Zade et al, 13 which they showed that the rate of compressive strength enhancement of the 90 days concrete made with the combination of 100% micro‐nano bubbles water and superplasticizer additive decreases by 3–6% compared with 28 days concrete sample 12,13 . However, in their studies, superplasticizers were used incorporation with micro‐nano bubbles, 12,13 The effect of the micro‐nano bubble even in using superplasticizers is similar to when no additive exist Nevertheless, we can conclude that the micro‐nano bubble acts as a catalyzer and accelerates the hydration process, which results in rapid hardening of the concrete structure at early ages.…”

“…Furthermore, Asadollahfardi et al reported that replacing 100% of drinking water by combination of micro‐nano bubbles water and superplasticizer rises the compressive strength, tensile strength, concrete resistivity, and water absorption of concrete specimens at the age of 28 days amounting around 13, 20, 165, and 67%, respectively 14 . According to the previous studies, 7–14 the micro‐nano bubble has the potential to use as a nano‐additive with or without other admixtures. However, studies on the micro‐nano bubbles were limited to the conventional concrete and its effect on the high strength concrete has not been reported in the articles until now.…”

“…Their results demonstrated that using micro‐nano bubbles and superplasticizer simultaneously increase the compressive strength up to approximately 12 and 16% at 28 days, and 4 and 10% at 90 days in using 50 and 100% micro‐nano bubble of water, respectively. Additionally, they reported that concrete made with this combination has higher durability in comparison with control samples and also adding zeolite and meta‐kaolin admixtures have a positive effect on both mechanical and durability properties 13 . Furthermore, Asadollahfardi et al reported that replacing 100% of drinking water by combination of micro‐nano bubbles water and superplasticizer rises the compressive strength, tensile strength, concrete resistivity, and water absorption of concrete specimens at the age of 28 days amounting around 13, 20, 165, and 67%, respectively 14 .…”

Tackling the issues of self‐compacting concrete containing high volume of waste glass aggregate by zeolite

“…In addition, the effect of zeolite on reduction of the risk of ASR damage was investigated. The efficacy of zeolite as a SCM in reducing bleeding and segregation potential and improving compressive strength and durability of concrete are well‐documented before 34‐47 . Natural zeolite has been used as a SCM in the concrete industry in China, Germany, Russia, Slovenia, Cuba, Serbia, and Spain 41 .…”

Introduction of a mineral powder as a type of natural cementitious material in concrete: An experimental program

“…The usage of metakaolin and diatomite in concrete with water reducing agent, to adjust workability instead of water, promotes an improvement in both the microstructure and the hardened state features such as porosity and mechanical strength . Zeolite in the concrete decreases notably workability and compressive strength at all ages . Moreover, the usage of about 10% zeolite increases the lifespan of concrete and therefore reduces the amount of global warming .…”