Mechanical and in vitro degradation behavior of magnesium‐bioactive glass composites prepared by SPS for biomedical applications

Abstract

In order to make magnesium (Mg) a successful candidate for fracture fixation devices, it is imperative to control the corrosion rate and enhance its elastic modulus. In the present work, we have prepared bioactive glass (BG) reinforced magnesium composite using spark plasma sintering (SPS). Simultaneous application of heat and pressure during SPS decreased the softening point of BG (600°C), allowing it to coat the Mg particles partially. As a result, BG was found along the Mg particle boundaries, which was confirmed by elemental mapping. Addition of BG improved microhardness and elastic modulus of Mg-BG composites. Corrosion behavior was studied by hydrogen evolution and immersion corrosion in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). After 64 h of immersion, Mg-10 wt % BG composite showed highest corrosion resistance. Quantitative micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) results indicated porosity increase in Mg-BG composites during immersion. The maximum increase in porosity (1.66%) was noticed for pure Mg while the minimum for Mg-10 wt % BG composite. MG63 cell-material interactions, using extract method, showed good cytocompatibility for Mg-10 wt % BG composite. The concentration of Mg ion in cell culture media was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy after 24 h immersion of Mg/BG composites. The results indicated that using BG as reinforcement and SPS as sintering method; we can prepare corrosion resistant and high modulus Mg-BG composites that can be used for fabricating bone fracture fixation plates. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018.

In vitro degradation, haemolysis and cytotoxicity study of Mg‐0.4Ce/ZnO 2 nanocomposites

“…It was found that when the chloride concentration in the corrosion environment rose, magnesium hydroxide started to be converted into highly soluble magnesium chloride and severe corrosion occurred on the substrate [ 34 ]. On the third day, a dense white product appeared on one side of the sample, along with the development of shallow pits, as shown in Figure 3e .…”

Recent Developments in Magnesium Metal–Matrix Composites for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…A schematic representation of the design philosophy is shown in Figure . Hydroxyapatite (HAP), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), bioactive glasses, etc.…”

“…Schematic representation of difference between Mg/nondegradable reinforced composite and Mg/degradable bioactive reinforced composite for orthopedic applications. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 John Wiley & Sons.…”

“…SEM micrographs of (m) Mg/0BG, (n) Mg/5BG, (o) Mg/10BG, and (p) Mg/15BG developed by SPS technique. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 John Wiley & Sons.…”

An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biological and Osteogenic Properties of Magnesium-Doped Bioactive Glasses for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering

“…However, Mg alloys and BGs exhibit different degradation behaviors. BG particles can even be used to reinforce Mg alloys leading to a degradable but corrosion resistant composite [42]. As the exchange of CaO against MgO in BGs leads to a lower reactivity a controlled degradation behavior is expected [36] and should thus prevent intolerable rates of Mg 2+ -ion liberation.…”