Mechanical and structural properties of human aortic and pulmonary allografts do not deteriorate in the first 10 years of cryopreservation and storage in nitrogen

Abstract

Query Details 1. Please check and confirm the organisation division and organisation name are correctly identified in all affiliations and amend if necessary. 2. Vojacek (2018) has been changed to Vojacek et al. (2018) so that this citation matches the list. 3. As per the information provided by the publisher, Figs. 2 and 3 will be black and white in print; hence, please confirm whether we can add "colour figure online" to the caption. 4. Kindly check and confirm the caption and layout of Table 7 are correct. 5. Meyers (2008) has been changed to Meyers et al. (2008) so that this citation matches the list. 6. Reference Lievense et al. (1998) was provided in the reference list; however, this was not mentioned or cited in the manuscript. As a rule, if a citation is present in the text, then it should be present in the list. Please provide the location of where to insert the reference citation in the main body text.

Bovine jugular vein conduit: What affects its elastomechanical properties and thermostability?

“…In contrast, it would be more reasonable to strive for the mechanical properties of the conduit to be close to those of the recipient's pulmonary artery by using the bovine jugular vein in the position of the pulmonary artery in pediatric patients. Under uniaxial tension, the failure stress in the pulmonary artery of a healthy middle-aged person is 0.33-1.32 MPa, deformability is 145-162%, and Young's modulus is 0.97-2.17 MPa, 57,58 but the deformability of the pulmonary artery wall in children is two times higher than that of octogenarians. 59 Among the tested BJVW-conduits, the DEsamples were closest to these values.…”

Structural Integrity and Cellular Viability of Cryopreserved Allograft Heart Valves in Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction: Correlation of Histopathological Changes with Donor Characteristics and Preservation Times

“…These findings concur with certain previous studies. Fiala et al [ 8 ] did not documented any changes in the amount of collagen and elastin or any changes in response to tensile stress in cryopreserved allografts after 10 years of preservation. Kubikova et al [ 15 ] did not find any correlation between microscopic structure of aortic and pulmonary CAHV and their mechanical properties.…”

“…After that, the allograft is frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a tissue bank. A shelf life was arbitrary set at five years [ 8 , 9 ] . According to the National Allograft Heart Bank own validation, the expiration was recently extended up to six years for aortic and up to eight years for pulmonary cryopreserved allografts [ 10 ] .…”

Recent progress in biomaterials for heart valve replacement: Structure, function, and biomimetic design

“…Problems such as potential bleeding, valve embolism, pannus formation, perivalvular leakage, and infective endocarditis, which sometimes could be fatal or require another surgery because of the large stress caused by the valve. 40,42,[44][45][46] Bioprosthetic valves with biological tissue of either allogeneic or xenogeneic origin [47][48][49][50][51] -in the current market mainly made of mammal tissues such as bovine pericardium or porcine heart valve 45,52 -on the other hand, show superior hemodynamic properties. 24 Patients implanted with this kind of heart valve prosthesis only need to receive anticoagulation therapy for a short term 53 when the patients do not have other cardiovascular diseases.…”

“…44,57,63 Regardless of the progress in heart valve prosthesis, prostheses of heart valve could not fully meet the clinical requirements yet. 64 A more suitable and durable heart valve is still in great demand.…”