Mechanical behavior of 304 Austenitic stainless steel processed by cryogenic rolling

Singh, Rahul; Sachan, Deepak; Verma, Raviraj; Goel, Shivani; Jayaganthan, R.; Kumar, Abhishek

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2018.04.090

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Moreover, it can be seen that main γ-Fe peaks persist for each irradiated sample within slight changes in its intensity. This appears to be in accordance with results reported by different authors [42][43][44][45]. Alongside austenitic specimens, the α'-Fe peaks (2θ = 44.7 • ; 82.3 • ) can be reported for two samples, structured with pulsed frequencies of f = 100 kHz and f = 10 kHz and a scanning speed of v = 80 mm/s.…”

Section: Phase Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Alongside austenitic specimens, the α'-Fe peaks (2θ = 44.7 • ; 82.3 • ) can be reported for two samples, structured with pulsed frequencies of f = 100 kHz and f = 10 kHz and a scanning speed of v = 80 mm/s. A recent study by Singh et al reveals that austenite phases can even transform to α'martensite under cryogenic deformation [43].…”

Section: Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural and Micromechanical Properties of Nd:YAG Laser Marking Stainless Steel (AISI 304 and AISI 316)

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study is to examine the microstructure and micromechanical properties of pulsed-laser irradiated stainless steel. The laser marking was conducted for AISI 304 and AISI 316 stainless steel samples through a Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser. The influence of process parameters such as the pulse repetition rate and scanning speed have been considered. The microstructures of obtained samples were analyzed using confocal optical microscopy (COM). The continuous stiffness measurements (CSM) technique was applied for nanoindentional hardness and elastic modulus determination. The phase compositions of obtained specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that surface roughness is directly related to overlapping distance and the energy provided by a single pulse. The hardness of irradiated samples changes significantly with the indentation depth. The instrumental hardness HIT and elastic modulus EIT drop sharply with the rise of the indentation depth. Thus, the hardness enhancement can be observed as the indentation depth varies between 100–1000 nm for all exanimated samples. The maximum values of HIT and EIT were evaluated for the region of small depths (100–200 nm). The XRD results reveal the presence of iron and chromium oxides due to irradiation, which indicates a surface hardening effect.

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Section: Phase Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Micromechanical Properties of Nd:YAG Laser Marking Stainless Steel (AISI 304 and AISI 316)

et al. 2020

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“…Improved strength in this class of stainless steels can be achieved by altering in grain size (grain refinement), work hardening, and solid solution strengthening 4,5 . Room temperature rolling can lead to the strengthening of the material; however, concurrent dynamic recovery phenomenon during rolling, resulting in the loss of strength 4,6 . To circumvent the dynamic recovery phenomenon, cryogenic rolling (i.e., rolling under sub-zero temperature) is done, during which the dislocations generated are retained up to room temperature that contributes to the necessary strengthening of the material 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of cryorolling specifically on ferrous alloy systems has not been investigated much. Singh 6 , et al studied the impact of cryogenic rolling on 304 austenitic steel and reported an increase in deformation-induced martensite transformation with increasing cryo deformation. After 90% deformation, the hardness value increased to twice its counterpart with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1956 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transformation, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel Rolled at Room and Cryo Temperatures

et al. 2021

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The present work investigates the effect of rolling (90% thickness reduction) on phase transformation, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviour of 304L-austenitic stainless steel through cryorolling and room temperature rolling. The processed steel sheets were characterised through X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The analysis of XRD patterns, EBSD scan, and vibrating sample magnetometer results confirmed the transformation of the austenitic phase to the martensitic phase during rolling. Cryorolling resulted in improved tensile strength and microhardness of 1808 MPa and 538 VHN, respectively, as compared to 1566 MPa and 504 VHN for room temperature rolling. The enhancement in properties of cryorolled steel is attributed to its higher dislocation density compared to room temperature rolled steel. The corrosion behaviour was assessed via linear polarisation corrosion tests. Corrosion resistance was found to decrease with increasing rolling reduction in both room temperature rolled and cryorolled specimens.

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“…In the same way, cryogenic cold rolling also leads to a higher content of a 0 -martensite and thus a higher hardness compared to cold rolling at room temperature [44]. Repeated cold rolling and higher deformation favor strain hardening and deformation-induced phase transformation, stronger elongated grains and higher tensile strength [45][46][47]. Comparative investigations [27] in which the metastable austenitic AISI 304 steel was cold-rolled and cold-drawn showed that the cold-drawn material had a higher a 0 -martensite content at the same equivalent strain compared to the cold-rolled AISI 304 steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of cold drawing and cryogenic turning for modifying surface morphology of metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel

Hotz

Kirsch

Becker

et al. 2019

J. Iron Steel Res. Int.

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The application of components often depends to a large extent on the properties of the surface layer. A novel process chain for the production of components with a hardened surface layer from metastable austenitic steel was presented. The investigated metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel was cold-drawn in solution annealed condition at cryogenic temperatures for pre-hardening, followed by post-hardening via cryogenic turning. The increase in hardness in both processes was due to strain hardening and deformation-induced phase transformation from c-austenite to a 0-martensite. Cryogenic turning experiments were carried out with solution annealed AISI 347 steel as well as with solution annealed and subsequently cold-drawn AISI 347 steel. The thermomechanical load of the workpiece surface layer during the turning process as well as the resulting surface morphology was characterized. The forces and temperatures were higher in turning the cold-drawn AISI 347 steel than turning the solution annealed AISI 347 steel. After cryogenic turning of the solution annealed material, deformation-induced phase transformation and a significant increase in hardness were detected in the near-surface layer. In contrast, no additional phase transformation was observed after cryogenic turning of the cold-drawn AISI 347 steel. The maximum hardness in the surface layer was similar, whereas the hardness in the core of the cold-drawn AISI 347 steel was higher compared to that in the solution annealed AISI 347 steel.

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Mechanical behavior of 304 Austenitic stainless steel processed by cryogenic rolling

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Structural and Micromechanical Properties of Nd:YAG Laser Marking Stainless Steel (AISI 304 and AISI 316)

Structural and Micromechanical Properties of Nd:YAG Laser Marking Stainless Steel (AISI 304 and AISI 316)

Phase transformation, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel Rolled at Room and Cryo Temperatures

Combination of cold drawing and cryogenic turning for modifying surface morphology of metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel

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