Mechanical–Chemical Recycling of Low-Density Polyethylene Waste with Polypropylene

Camargo, Rayane Veloso de; Saron, Clodoaldo

doi:10.1007/s10924-019-01642-5

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The same figures for low‐density PE reached 64 million tons and 57 million tons, respectively. [ 158 ] Excessive use of disposable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles in particular has profoundly perturbed the ecological balance owing to their nonbiodegradable characteristics. Globally, about 50–60 million tons of PET plastic is consumed per year.…”

Section: Solid Waste Materials In Supercapacitor Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors in the Light of Solid Waste and Energy Management: A Review

Dutta

Mahanta

Banerjee

2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Supercapacitors store electrical energy on the basis of electrostatic attraction between opposite charges as a result of the formation of an electric double layer (EDL) at the electrolyte/electrode interface. Carbon-derived materials are commonly used to fabricate supercapacitor electrodes owing to their high electrical conductivity, high capacitance, excellent porosity, good electrochemical stability, and large specific surface area. [131-136] Predominantly, these materials include carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon spheres, hollow carbon spheres, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), etc. [62,137-145] Nevertheless, they fail to demonstrate the desirable performance in practical applications after a certain threshold owing to their short durability and low energy density. Although, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have proven to be better electrode candidates in certain aspects, [142,143,146-148] however, these materials incur high cost, low yield of porous carbon, high consumption of metallic nitrate, [62] and hence higher waste generation. Due to the rising concerns of waste production and its management and hence the need for sustainable and cheap resources, reusing and/or converting waste from various sources such as industrial, agricultural, food, and spent electronic devices efficiently into usable carbon has attracted much interest since recently.

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Section: Solid Waste Materials In Supercapacitor Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors in the Light of Solid Waste and Energy Management: A Review

Dutta

Mahanta

Banerjee

2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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“…Polyolefin, mostly low‐density polyethylene (PE‐LD), high‐density polyethylene (PE‐HD) and polypropylene (PP), are among the most widely used and produced polymeric materials in the world. They are used in different industry sectors for example packaging, food industry, biomedical applications, films, bags 1–4 . The operating life from most of these polyolefin products are lower than 1 month 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling of polypropylene with various concentrations of peroxydicarbonate and dilauroyl peroxide and two processing steps

Stanic

Koch

Schmid³

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The influence of two peroxides (peroxydicarbonate/dilauroyl peroxide) with various concentrations (10–200 mmol/kg PP) and their effective opportunity to introduce long chain branched (LCB) were investigated. The dependence of a single and double extrusion step and the changes of the properties were studied. Experiments were carried out in a single screw extruder at 180°C for the first extrusion step (modification) and at 240°C for the second extrusion step (processing simulation). Melt flow rate and dynamic rheological properties were studied at a measuring temperature of 230°C. For the definitive determination of long chain branched polypropylene (LCB‐PP) served the extensional rheology measurements. The mechanical properties were examined via tensile test and impact tensile test. Summarized, LCB (melt strength) could be observed via extensional rheology for all modified specimens and the mechanical properties were maintained or even improved for the modified samples. Particularly, samples containing dilauroyl peroxide display excellent mechanical properties in this study.

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“…Another important method for plastic disposal is incineration, which is a thermal process that generates energy from plastic waste using steam turbines. Even if this process is the most widely used nowadays [9], it generates acid gases, carcinogenic dioxins and it releases heavy metals, causing problems in the ecosystem and people's health [10]. Also in this case only its high heating value can be exploited, while its chemical structure is being destroyed [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of PP, HDPE and LDPE Plastics Into Liquid Fuels and Chemical Precursors by Thermal Cracking

Lamar

Noboa

Miranda

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The inappropriate disposal of plastic waste cause serious environmental problems. Nowadays, alternative processes are being studied for the sustainable reutilization of plastics. One of these options is the cracking into shorter liquid hydrocarbon fractions, while maintaining its basic chemical structure. The energetic potential from the original plastics structure remains and the fractions can be used as fuels and chemical precursors. This research addresses the kinetic study of thermal cracking of polypropylene (PP) and high- and low-density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE) in a batch reactor. The kinetics of the reaction can be described as a first-order rate with the lowest activation energy using PP, followed by HDPE and LDPE with values of 367.28 kJ/mol, 453.37 kJ/mol and 457.96 kJ/mol, respectively. The yield obtained for the liquid fraction is highest for LDPE, with a value of 72% at 390°C, followed by HDPE and LDPE with 69% and 62% at 375°C. The liquid fractions obtained from the process were characterized according to ASTM standards, obtaining that LDPE and HDPE fractions have similar properties to diesel, while PP is closer to gasoline. The fractions were also analyzed by means of gas chromatography identifying the main products of the reaction and establishing a possible reaction mechanism.

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Mechanical–Chemical Recycling of Low-Density Polyethylene Waste with Polypropylene

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

Supercapacitors in the Light of Solid Waste and Energy Management: A Review

Supercapacitors in the Light of Solid Waste and Energy Management: A Review

Upcycling of polypropylene with various concentrations of peroxydicarbonate and dilauroyl peroxide and two processing steps

Conversion of PP, HDPE and LDPE Plastics Into Liquid Fuels and Chemical Precursors by Thermal Cracking

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