Mechanical improvement of calcium carbonate cements by in situ HEMA polymerization during hardening

Abstract

The brittleness of calcium carbonate-based cements, which currently impedes their exploitation, can be overcome by a straightforward polymer-reinforcement strategy.

Calcium carbonate: controlled synthesis, surface functionalization, and nanostructured materials

“…230 Biological resorption mainly depends on the solubility of the mineral components. 231 Compared to apatite (solubility constant, K Lps E 10 À54 ), CaCO 3 (solubility constant, K Lps E 10 À8 ) has higher solubility. It would thus be interesting to prepare cements with injectability properties, low inflammability, and improved and tunable biodegradation rates.…”

“…CaCO 3 -based organic–inorganic cements exhibit strength and toughness. Myszka et al 231 reinforced brittle CaCO 3 cement with a ductile polymeric 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate. The compressive strength of CaCO 3 -based cements was observed to increase to 33 MPa upon the addition of 50 wt% of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate to a simulated body fluid solution after two weeks of hardening.…”

Polymer-Functionalised Nanograins of Mg-Doped Amorphous Calcium Carbonate via a Flow-Chemistry Approach

“…For instance, it is of key relevance as a proxy archive in reconstructing past climates or serves as a cement additive or for exploration of biomimetic mineralisation processes [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Increasingly, calcium carbonate is suggested and introduced as an alternative to calcium phosphate-based biomaterials: Its application as a bone replacement material [11,12,13,14] and as a drug delivery system is currently explored [15,16,17,18,19,20], and it plays a central role for the bioactivity of bioglass [21]. Due to its central relevance in these various fields, the underlying mechanisms of its formation consequentially attracted broad scientific interest.…”

Shape Matters: Crystal Morphology and Surface Topography Alter Bioactivity of Bioceramics in Simulated Body Fluid

“…The assessment of bioactivity is a pivotal and indispensable step in the development of new biomaterials, e.g., bone‐replacing materials such as cement formulations composed of different mineral phases . As bioactivity is an essential property to achieve bone‐bonding, it is of special importance to probe which material traits affect bioactivity.…”

“…For this, we exploit calcium carbonate as a chemically simple model system for a generic bioceramic. Calcium carbonate is biocompatible, bioresorbable, and osteoconductive, and it features phase‐dependent bioactivity in SBF . Moreover, nacre has been shown to induce calcium phosphate precipitation in SBF as well as bone formation by activation of cutaneous fibroblasts and human osteoblasts and in vitro .…”