Mechanical Properties and Anatomical Components of Stems of 42 Grass Species

Evans, Lance S.; Kahn‐Jetter, Zella; Marks, Chelsea; Harmoney, Keith R.

doi:10.3159/07-ra-009.1

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Subsequent researchers may therefore place undue trust in these prior studies, which causes the methods to be used repeatedly, but each time without validation. This pattern has been observed by the authors in the case of flawed bending methods (Evans et al , 2007; Robertson et al, 2014, 2015), omission of test set-up justification (Crook and Ennos, 1996; Abasolo et al , 2009), and misapplication of measurement standards (Ampofo et al , 2013). Similar patterns have been observed in other fields of biomechanics (Cook, 2009; Alipour et al , 2011).…”

Section: Literature Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 63%

Measurement accuracy and uncertainty in plant biomechanics

Nelson

Stubbs

Larson

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Botany

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All scientific measurements are affected to some degree by both systematic and random errors. The quantification of these errors supports correct interpretation of data, thus supporting scientific progress. Absence of information regarding reliability and accuracy can slow scientific progress, and can lead to a reproducibility crisis. Here we consider both measurement theory and plant biomechanics literature. Drawing from measurement theory literature, we review techniques for assessing both the accuracy and uncertainty of a measurement process. In our survey of plant biomechanics literature, we found that direct assessment of measurement accuracy and uncertainty is not yet common. The advantages and disadvantages of efforts to quantify measurement accuracy and uncertainty are discussed. We conclude with recommended best practices for improving the scientific rigor in plant biomechanics through attention to the issues of measurement accuracy and uncertainty.

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Section: Literature Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 63%

Measurement accuracy and uncertainty in plant biomechanics

Nelson

Stubbs

Larson

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…Improving growth parameters regarding irrigation with magnetic brackish or normalwater also were reported in several studies on many crops (i.e., Surendran et al, 2016;Vladimir 2017;Razmkhaha et al, 2018) Regarding micro-morphological characters, several studies reported that, salinity has almost effects on structural and functional aspects on plants (Bahaji et al, 2002), disrupt several cellular functions and physiological processes (Duarte et al, 2013). Structural changes include deep root system (Hameed et al, 2010), succulence for water storage (Grigore and Toma, 2008), thick epidermis along with dense deposition of cuticle (Ristic and Jenks, 2002) for minimizing water loss through plant surface and sclarification and hardening of plant organs for mechanical strength as well as water conservation (Evans et al, 2007). In our study, irrigation with magnetized brackish-water has positive impact on the most stem and lamina anatomical features of the three wheat varieties compared with brackish water treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The epidermis thickness, cortex thickness, sclerenchyma thickness, parenchyma thickness and number of vascular bundles were increased obviously in the tested wheat varieties; sakha-94 and Masr-2 with using irrigation by MBW1 or MBW2 than irrigation with BW. The intensive sclerification and increase in thickness of layers not only provides mechanical strength to the plant but also prevents water loss through the stem surface (Evans et al, 2007;Hameed et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Magnetic Brackish-Water Treatments on Morphology, Anatomy and Yield Productivity of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum

Mahmoud¹,

Salim

El-Monem

et al. 2019

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal

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This study included two factors: 1) three irrigation water treatments i) Brackish-water (BW), ii) Magnetic-BW1; brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static-magnetic unit produced by Delta Water Company and iii) Magnetic-BW2; brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static magnetic unit produced by Magnetic-Technologies Company) and three wheat varieties (Sakha-94, Maser-2 and Gemiza-11). The three irrigation water treatments and the three tested varieties were laid out in split-plot design with three replicates and allocated in the main and sub-plots, respectively under gated pipe irrigations system. The experiments designed at Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Centre, Ras Sidr province, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. The results indicated that irrigation tested wheat varieties with magnetically treated BW1 or magnetically treated BW2 treatments surpassed irrigation with brackish water in all tested vegetative growth parameters at 75 DAS (i.e., plant height (cm), fresh and dry weight of wheat shoot (kg m 2), water contents (%), Flag leaf area (cm 2 plant-1) as well as shoot contents of N, Mg, Ca, Fe and Cu. While revers trends were recorded in Na, Mn, Zn and proline. Results also, recorded that micromorphological characters as number of cells and thickness of layer in addition to the diameter of vascular bundled especially the xylem vessels were compatible with vegetative growth parameters. The yield crop which is the most important was increased with irrigation by magnetic water. As an average of magnetically BW treatments, the percent of improvement reached to 19.24, 33.97 and 26.99% in grains, straw and biological yield (ton fed-1), respectively compared to irrigation with brackish water. The clear improvement in productivity of tested wheat verities under magnetically treated brackish irrigation water may be due to the reduction of irrigation and/or soil salinity stress as a result of displacement of salts away from the root zone spread, lack of sodium exchange in the soil, availability of most fertilizer elements; increased cations exchange capacity and improved soil aggregation. It be concluded that, application of this technology could be play a vital role for improving wheat productivity when sowing under these conditions.

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“…This resistance to mechanical stress is usually ascribed to anatomical properties, particularly the area of sclerenchyma cells (Evans et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tractor traffic and nitrogen fertilization affect the herbage production of the red clover/grass sward

Głąb

Żabiński

Sadowska

2016

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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In recent years, soil compaction caused by agricultural machinery has been recognized as one of the main factors that can lower yields of perennial crops. At the same time changes in grassland fertilization intensity are observed. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the interaction of different N fertilization rates and the intensity of tractor passes. This study was conducted as a field experiment located on a sandy loam soil classified as Mollic Fluvisol in Mydlniki near Krakow, Poland over a four-year period (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). The field experiment was established with four replications in a split-plot design with fertilization as the main plot and tractor traffic as the subplot. Three levels of N fertilization: untreated (control), 80 and 160 kg ha -1 N, and four levels of tractor traffic intensity were applied using the following numbers of tractor passes: no passes (control), two passes, four passes and six passes. Nitrogen (N) fertilization significantly affected the percentage of only three species -Trifolium pratense, Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis in the sward. T. pratense was negatively affected by with higher N rates but two grasses, L. perenne and F. pratensis, showed the opposite response. The tractor traffic significantly affected T. pratense and L. perenne occurrence in the swards. The percentage of T. pratense in the sward was reduced by tractor traffic, and this space was occupied by L. perenne. Changes in the botanical composition reflected in the herbage production. All investigated grass species increased biomass productivity in direct proportion to N rates. Only T. pratense was negatively affected by nitrogen fertilization and since 2011 it started to disappear from the swards treated with higher nitrogen rates. For all investigated components of the mixture no interaction between treatments, tractor traffic and nitrogen fertilization was observed.

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Mechanical Properties and Anatomical Components of Stems of 42 Grass Species

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Measurement accuracy and uncertainty in plant biomechanics

Measurement accuracy and uncertainty in plant biomechanics

Effect of Magnetic Brackish-Water Treatments on Morphology, Anatomy and Yield Productivity of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum

Tractor traffic and nitrogen fertilization affect the herbage production of the red clover/grass sward

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