Mechanical properties and microstructure of laser-cladding additively manufactured 316L stainless steel sheets

Kang, Lan; Chen, Feng; Wu, Bin; Liu, Xinpei; Ge, Hanbin

doi:10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107603

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…When the cooling rate of 316L stainless steel deposition process is faster, the solid phase transformation (δ-γ) is inhibited, the time of ferrite to austenite transformation is shorter, and the ferrite is In the process of arc deposition, the molten pool shows sub-rapid cooling under the cooling effect of shielding gas, and the solidification mode is initial ferritic formation and partial austenite (FA mode) formation before the end of solidification due to the thermal accumulation effect of continuous deposition. [27] In addition, the solidification process of the middle and upper layers of the deposition layer retains enough heat to promote the transformation of some primary ferrite into austenite, and then the residual ferrite is distributed on the austenite matrix in a reticular and skeletal manner in Figure 10b,e,h. As shown in Figure 10a,d,g, the thermal accumulation effect of the deposited layer is enhanced, which promotes the continuous growth of austenite grains and significantly increases the austenite grain size.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Formability and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Pulsed Arc Swing Additive Manufacturing

Meng,

Pan,

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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An austenitic stainless steel 316L deposition specimen is fabricated by cold metal transfer‐based swing arc additive manufacturing (CMT‐SAAM), and its formation, microstructure, and tensile properties are investigated. The results showed that the 316L deposited samples exhibited a multi‐layer structure with a small aspect ratio, and the surface forming accuracy is improved with the increase in the swing amplitude. The remelted zone near the interface is dominated by long grains perpendicular to the fusion line, whereas the deposited zone is dominated by columnar dendrites and shows an <100> orientation. Along the building and transverse direction of the swing deposits, the microhardness distribution is uniform. Compared with rollings and forgings, 316L deposited by using the CMT‐SAAM method has both a higher strength and toughness. The average ultimate tensile strength is 573 MPa, and the elongation at break is 52.6%. The high strength and toughness of 316L specimens are attributed to the fine microstructure, high‐density dislocations, and low‐angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) generated during the CMT‐SAAM process.

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Formability and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Pulsed Arc Swing Additive Manufacturing

Meng,

Pan,

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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“…Laser cladding repair technology [8,13] has the characteristics of high energy density, low dilution rate, good metallurgical bonding with the substrate, high automation, enhanced mechanical properties, and fine quality uniformity, which is suitable for surface repair and modification of hole parts, shaft parts, and flat parts. In this investigation [14], the mechanical properties, degree of anisotropy, and microstructure of the LC sheets produced by using commercial 316L stainless steel powder were studied. The test results revealed the elastic isotropy for the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio, and the plastic anisotropy for the proof stresses, ultimate stress, and elongation, but the degree of anisotropy for most of the plastic mechanical properties was less than 20%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Optimization and Mechanical Properties of Laser Cladding of 316L Stainless Steel Powder on G20Mn5QT Steel

et al. 2023

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G20Mn5QT steel has excellent mechanical properties and is widely used in key components of rail vehicles. However, during the operation of high-speed vehicles, wear and tear will inevitably occur. In this paper, laser cladding technology was selected to successfully prepare 316L stainless steel coating. The optimum processing parameters were obtained with a laser power of 2300 W, a scanning speed of 500 mm/min, and a powder feeding speed of 14 g/min. The microstructure of 316L coating is mainly composed of planar crystals, cellular crystals, columnar crystals, and equiaxed crystals. Through range analysis, it is found that the microhardness, wear resistance, and micro-shear strength of the cladding layers increase with the increase of laser power, while the tensile strength and yield strength increase first and then decrease with the increase of laser power. Under the optimized process parameters, the low-temperature impact toughness, elongation, tensile strength, and yield strength of the cladding layer were 97.6%, 24%, 10.9%, and 32.5% higher than that of the G20Mn5QT substrate, respectively. An excellent combination of strength and toughness was achieved by cladding 316L alloy on the surface of the G20Mn5QT substrate, which can meet the requirements of remanufacturing fractional key vehicle parts.

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“…Laser cladding technology, which has a high energy density and enables metallurgical bonding [4], has shown great potential for producing corrosion-and wear-resistant coatings [5][6][7]. However, the laser cladding layer may contain defects such as cracks and porosity due to the rapid cooling rate and limited application temperature range [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling Effect of Disconnected Pores and Grain Morphology on the Corrosion Tolerance of Laser-Clad 316L Coating

Zhang,

Dong,

Han

et al. 2023

Coatings

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The corrosion resistance of 316L cladding layers was addressed via the electrochemical test, to illustrate the coupling effect of the disconnected pores and grain morphology on the corrosion tolerance of 316L cladding layers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical testing were employed to characterize the microstructure, elemental distribution, phase composition, and corrosion resistance of the cladding layers. The results indicate that the disconnected porosity in the surface of the cladding layer decreased from 0.79% to 0.48% and the grain morphology underwent a transformation from equiaxed crystals to columnar and lath crystals, with the increasing scanning speed. The primary phase in the cladding layer was γ-Fe. Under the dual effect of a low disconnected porosity and grain morphology, the corrosion potential of the cladding layer became more electropositive from −568 mVSCE to −307 mVSCE, and the corrosion current density reduced from 4.664 μA∙cm−2 to 1.645 μA∙cm−2. The pitting potential improved from 0.005 VSCE to 0.575 VSCE as the scanning speed increased. Thus, the non-connected pores in the 316L cladding layer also affected the corrosion resistance, especially the pitting resistance. The corrosion resistance of the cladding layer can be significantly enhanced via the control of the disconnected pores and grain morphology.

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Mechanical properties and microstructure of laser-cladding additively manufactured 316L stainless steel sheets

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

The Formability and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Pulsed Arc Swing Additive Manufacturing

The Formability and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Pulsed Arc Swing Additive Manufacturing

Parameter Optimization and Mechanical Properties of Laser Cladding of 316L Stainless Steel Powder on G20Mn5QT Steel

Coupling Effect of Disconnected Pores and Grain Morphology on the Corrosion Tolerance of Laser-Clad 316L Coating

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