Mechanical properties and morphology of intumescent flame retardant filled polypropylene composites

Liang, Ji‐Zhao; Li, Feng‐Jiao; Feng, Jinqing

doi:10.1002/pat.3262

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Two intumescent FRs (IFRs) 102 and 103 were synthesized as shown in Figure 29 and incorporated in PC. 147 The synthesis of IFR 102 was achieved via reaction of pentaerythritol with POCl 3 in acetonitrile followed by a second reaction with aniline. The IFR 103 was obtained via a two-step reaction involving the synthesis of 2-chloro-2-oxo-5, 5-dimethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaphosphorinane (DOPC) via reaction of neopentyl glycol with POCl 3 in chloroform followed by DOPC with m-phenylenediamine in the presence of a base as a catalyst.…”

Section: Review Wileyonlinelibrarycom/appmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in P(O/S)–N containing flame retardants

Nazir

Gaan

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Synthesis of organophosphorus compounds containing nitrogen as heteroatom and its application as a flame retardant (FR) have attracted much attention in the academic and industrial communities over the past decade. Such compounds are relatively easy to synthesize and offer advantages such as high thermal stability, which is useful for high temperature processing, improved char stability, density, and yield during the thermal decomposition of polymer, and release phosphorus species active in the flame inhibition process. Though a variety of phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) compounds can be found in the literature, this review mostly summarizes the recent (since 2013) development in phosphorus (O)-nitrogen containing flame retardants which have been published in peer-reviewed journals. General strategies of synthesizing P(O)-N compounds as FRs from various phosphorus-based starting materials are highlighted in this review. Some of the most common classes of researched P(O)-N containing compounds as FRs include the phosphinamides, phosphonamides, phosphoramides, phosphoramidates, phosphorodiamidates, phosphonamidates and their thio counterparts which are usually obtained via a one-or two-step synthetic strategy. Incorporation of these compounds as FRs in various polymer systems such as polyurethane, epoxy resins, polyamides, cellulose, polylactide, poly(butylene terephthalate), polycarbonates, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene are discussed in detail in this review. Special emphasis on the various fire and thermal performances of the new materials are also summarized. The mechanical performance of new materials and the influence of these additives on polymer processing are also briefly discussed.

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Section: Review Wileyonlinelibrarycom/appmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in P(O/S)–N containing flame retardants

Nazir

Gaan

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[1][2][3] However, the high inherent flammability of PP limits its application in some fields like electronic appliances where high flame retardancy is required. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the flame retardant PP materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and its application in the flame retardant polypropylene composites

Chen

Tang

et al. 2015

Journal of Fire Sciences

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In this article, a novel intumescent alumina-silica hydrogel double shell microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant is prepared and filled into polypropylene as a flame retardant. The structure and properties of alumina-silica hydrogel double shell microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate are characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the Al and Si groups are attached to the surface of ammonium polyphosphate. The flame retardancy, morphology of char layers, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of the polypropylene/alumina-silica hydrogel double shell microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate composites are evaluated by limiting oxygen index, UL-94 test, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and mechanical properties test. The results show that alumina-silica hydrogel double shell microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate can improve the thermal stability and charred residues at high temperature. In addition, the combination of alumina-silica hydrogel double shell microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and polyamide 6 shows more compact, firm, and continuous charred layers, resulting in better flame retardant performances. The limiting oxygen index value for polypropylene/alumina-silica hydrogel double shell microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate/polyamide 6 composites can reach 25.6 and obtain a UL-94 V-0 rating. Also, polypropylene/alumina-silica hydrogel double shell microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate/ Downloaded from polyamide 6 composites present better mechanical properties than polypropylene/ammonium polyphosphate/polyamide 6 composites at the same content of flame retardant and polyamide 6.

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“…It is well known that halogen‐containing fire retardants are effective for EVA polymer materials; the environmental damage problems accompanied by these flame retardants are unacceptable nowadays, and this has limited their further use on many occasions. As an alternative method for improving the polymer's fire resistance, the use of intumescent fire‐retardant systems is growing rapidly …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the pentaerythritol phosphate melamine salt content on the combustion and thermal decomposition process of intumescent flame‐retardant ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer composites

Zhang

Sun

Wang

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Pentaerythritol phosphate melamine salt (PPMS) as a single-molecule intumescent fire retardant was synthesized and characterized. The influence of the PPMS content on the combustion and thermal decomposition processes of intumescent-flameretardant (IFR) ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, UL 94 rating testing, cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The LOI and UL 94 rating results illustrate that PPMS used in EVA improved the flame retardancy of the EVA composites. The cone calorimetry test results show that the addition of PPMS significantly decreased the heat-release rate, total heat release, and smoke-production rate and enhanced the residual char fire performance of the EVA composites. The IFR-EVA3 composite showed the lowest heat-release and smokeproduction rates and the highest char residue; this means that the IFR-EVA3 composite had the best flame retardancy. The thermogravimetry results show that the IFR-EVA composites had more residual char than pure EVA; the char residue yield increased with increasing PPMS content. The analysis results for the char residue structures also illustrated that the addition of PPMS into the EVA resin helped to enhance the fire properties of the char layer and improve the flame retardancy of the EVA composites.

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Mechanical properties and morphology of intumescent flame retardant filled polypropylene composites

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Recent developments in P(O/S)–N containing flame retardants

Recent developments in P(O/S)–N containing flame retardants

Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and its application in the flame retardant polypropylene composites

Influence of the pentaerythritol phosphate melamine salt content on the combustion and thermal decomposition process of intumescent flame‐retardant ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer composites

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