Mechanical properties as conditioning factors in the bone and antler industry of the 3rd to the 13th century AD

MacGregor, Arthur; Currey, John D.

doi:10.1016/0305-4403(83)90129-2

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Macgregor & Currey, 1983;Kokabi, 1994). In the Mikulcice and Pohansko regions of Great Moravia, bones of sheep and goat, especially the tibia, were most commonly used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microscopic examination of ground sections – a simple method for distinguishing between bone and antler?

Páral

Witter

Tonar

2007

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Both bones and antlers have been used throughout history for manufacturing various products. Therefore, archaeologists often have to distinguish between these materials. The more the raw material (bone or antler) has been treated, the more complicated it is to distinguish. For this study, recent macerated and archaeological samples of bone and antler and their products have been compared. Antler is usually very easy to distinguish based on the characteristic surface structure; however, the original surface is not preserved in all artefacts. The inner surface of the diaphysis of long bones is mostly compact with prominent trabeculae and lamellae, whereas, after removal of the spongiosa, the inner surface of antler is characterised by numerous grooves. Sometimes, however, artefacts are found which are composed only of the compact bone substance, without inner and outer surfaces, and it is not possible to distinguish between bones and antlers macroscopically. Haversian systems can be found in histological and ground sections of both bones and antlers. In contrast to bones, antlers have few interstitial lamellae. The osteons of antler seem to be smaller and to consist of fewer layers than those of bone. Inner and outer circumferential lamellae cannot be distinguished in antlers. Although microscopic examination of sectioned samples does not allow distinction between bones and antlers in every case, it represents a valuable additional tool for distinguishing between these two materials in historic artefacts.

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“…Macgregor & Currey, 1983;Kokabi, 1994). In the Mikulcice and Pohansko regions of Great Moravia, bones of sheep and goat, especially the tibia, were most commonly used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microscopic examination of ground sections – a simple method for distinguishing between bone and antler?

Páral

Witter

Tonar

2007

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…For this reason, antler hammers are more likely to have been curated and used for a longer period of time than more easily availiable bones commonly used as retouchers. The more brittle bone retouchers, in contrast, would have had a shorter lifecycle (MacGregor and Currey, 1983;Jin and Shipman, 2010). This suggestion is supported by evidence from Geissenklösterle Cave, (Germany), for example, where rare lower Aurignacian antler hammers were found in association with a rich lithic industry (Bolus, 2003, Teyssandier andLiolios, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A newly discovered antler flint-knapping hammer and the question of their rarity in the Palaeolithic archaeological record: Reality or bias?

Bello

Delbarre

Groote

et al. 2016

Quaternary International

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The use of soft (bone, antler, tooth and wood) hammers and retouchers is a key innovation in early stone tool technology, first appearing in the archaeological record with Lower Palaeolithic handaxe industries (e.g. Boxgrove, UK ~ 500 kya). Although organic knapping tools were undoubtedly a component of early human toolkits and are essential, for example, for the manufacture of finely-flaked handaxes, Mousterian scrapers and Upper Palaeolithic blades tools, such archaeological finds are exceptionally rare. In this study, we present qualitative and quantitative analyses (focus variation optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, micro-CT scanning and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), to characterise use-damage on an antler base from Laugerie Haute (France). This specimen was originally identified as a waste-product from splinter manufacture, and the use-damage appears to have been missed. The new analysis shows that prior to being used as a flint-knapping percussor, the red deer antler had been further

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“…De kammen werden in de lengterichting uit de kam gehaald. Botten zijn, net als gewei, in de lengterichting steviger en kunnen meer druk aan, 37 immers, tijdens het leven van het dier wordt het bot voornamelijk in de lengterichting belast. De kammen werden met lange tanden gemaakt, zodat de tanden flexibeler werden en minder snel braken.…”

Section: 3b Bot In De Loop Der Tijdenunclassified

“…Deze kammen waren samengesteld, omdat gewei in de lengterichting steviger is. 78 Productie van deze kammen in Nederland is aangetoond in Dorestad 79 en Maastricht. 80 Er zijn halffabrikaten gevonden in Oost-Souburg; waarschijnlijk was hier sprake van fabricage of reparatie van objecten van kammen.…”

Section: 3b Gewei In De Loop Der Tijdenunclassified

Handleiding voor de determinatie van harde dierlijke materialen : Bot, gewei, ivoor, hoorn, schildpad, balein en hoef

Rijkelijkhuizen¹

2008

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Mechanical properties as conditioning factors in the bone and antler industry of the 3rd to the 13th century AD

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Microscopic examination of ground sections – a simple method for distinguishing between bone and antler?

Microscopic examination of ground sections – a simple method for distinguishing between bone and antler?

A newly discovered antler flint-knapping hammer and the question of their rarity in the Palaeolithic archaeological record: Reality or bias?

Handleiding voor de determinatie van harde dierlijke materialen : Bot, gewei, ivoor, hoorn, schildpad, balein en hoef

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