This paper discusses integration of production surveillance techniques, focusing on the use of 4D seismic data to identify reservoir compartmentalization. We present two examples of recently drilled compartments that were successfully identified following integration of surveillance data with detailed reservoir modelling work. Our examples are from the faulted, Paleocene channelized turbidite reservoirs of the Schiehallion oil field, offshore West of Shetlands, U.K. The first example provides a good case history of a 4D Integrated Reservoir Modelling (4D IRM) approach -which involved integration of dynamic well data with 4D seismic, and iterative revision of geological and reservoir simulation models. Two newly identified targets were drilled and completed successfully using these techniques. The second example illustrates a situation where 4D seismic interpretation was key in identifying a new infill target.Production in the Schiehallion Field started in 1998, and the current development scheme totals 46 wells (22 producers and 24 water injectors). During the early years of production it became apparent that geological connectivity, fluid flow and pressure communication between wells was not as inter-connected as expected. As a result the number of wells required to maximize the recovery has more than doubled to that specified in the original development plan, and the number is expected to increase further as the field matures. Continuous collection of bottom hole pressure data from permanently installed gauges, well testing and production logging (PLT) supported by a regular time-lapse (4D) seismic programme are used to update conceptual thinking and thus constrain geological and flow simulation modelling. This data integration results in improved understanding of the static and dynamic reservoir compartmentalization and well connectivity.

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For over two millennia, clays with perceived medicinal or alexipharmic properties have been recovered in bulk, processed into small troches or pastilles and stamped with a device or ‘seal’ as an indicator of their origin; this practice lent them their commonly applied name – terra sigillata or sealed earth. The first records are confined to the Mediterranean and Aegean regions, but early in the post-medieval period other sources in central and northern Europe came to be exploited. The history of this process of expansion is traced, the principal products of the major sources are identified by their respective seals, and some assessment is made of the validity of claims made for the effectiveness of such clays.

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The Magnus Fieldh asbeeno np roduction since 1983. Production ofoilisfrom intra-Kimmeridge ClayFormation age turbiditesandstones. The individuallobesofthe turbiditesaregenerally fining-up,or have finetops. Waterfloodproduction tendst os weept he lowerp art ofthe units very effectively,thus leavinga n unswept oiltargetatthe top ofmany flow units. Anenhanced oilrecovery (EOR)schemehasbeenimplemented on the Magnus Fieldbybringinggas,which had no access to amarket,from the FoinavenandSchiehallion fields West ofS hetland.Becausethe gasism ainly methanei tist akenv ia the Sullom VoeT erminal( SVT)o nt he ShetlandIslandswhereitisenriched byinjectinghighermolecularweightgases. Thisenrichment improvesthe effectiveness ofthe EOR process atMagnus. The schemea ddsv aluenot only att he Magnus Fieldb ut also to the West ofS hetlandfi eldsanda tSVT.The gascanalso be used asfuelt or eplace dieselatSVT, bringing environmentalbenefits.