Mechanical properties evaluation of nonwoven industrial cotton waste produced by needle punching method

Abstract

This paper describes the fabrication method and mechanical characterization of nonwoven fabrics from industrial fabric wastes by different machine variables. Cotton waste fibres underwent the mechanical recycling methods, needle punching process and worked into a continuous web of nonwoven fabrics. The measurement method of full factorial design of experiment was implemented in this study as a systematic and efficient way to distinguish between the interaction of more than one factor which are the fibre feeder speed and the number of stacking layers, respectively. Three different fibre feeder speed of 1.8 m/s, 2.2 m/s and 2.8 m/s and three levels of stacking layer (4, 5 and 6 layers) were examined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant factors that influenced the mechanical properties of the web nonwoven fabrics. The mechanical properties of nonwoven web were measured by bursting strength test and puncture resistance test. The results displayed that the difference in fibre feeder speed and number of stacking layer significantly affect the puncture resistance performance. S26L web resisted the highest load during puncture resistance test which is 70.5 N while S14L resisted the lowest load of 25.5 N. Whereas, bursting strength performance was only affected by the fibre feeder speed. Lower fibre feeder speed produced stronger nonwoven fabric. Hence, the faster the fibre feeder speed and the higher number of stacking layer give good puncture resistance properties of nonwoven fabrics while the bursting properties of nonwoven fabrics shows the opposites results.

Revolutionizing Sustainable Nonwoven Fabrics: The Potential Use of Agricultural Waste and Natural Fibres for Nonwoven Fabric

“…Cotton fibres that are removed during ginning and textile manufacturing processes are waste cotton. A study performed by Latifi et al (2019) showed the production of a cotton waste nonwoven web using the nonwoven needle-punching method [137]. The results showed that processing factors such as fibre feeder speed and number of stacking layers have a notable impact on the mechanical properties of the fabrics.…”

Progress toward Circularity of Polyester and Cotton Textiles

“…More research is needed because confounding experimental variables include not only the dyes but also the prior history of chemical (e.g., alkaline) treatments to the cotton matrix [62], which may affect interactions between cotton and the matrix. In addition to composites, waste cotton fibers can also be incorporated in nonwovens [79], acoustic insulation [80] and building materials [81]. For example, Husain et al, used a needle punching method to convert cotton fabric waste into nonwovens [79].…”

“…In addition to composites, waste cotton fibers can also be incorporated in nonwovens [79], acoustic insulation [80] and building materials [81]. For example, Husain et al, used a needle punching method to convert cotton fabric waste into nonwovens [79]. Hawley's description of textile recycling systems offers additional descriptions of processes and applications for mechanically recycled textile waste, including cotton waste, such as paper pulp and wiping cloths [82].…”

“…When hydrolysis and fermentation are carried out at the same time, the process is called SSF, or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Alkaline pretreatment of cotton fabrics increased ethanol yield by changing the crystalline structure of cotton from cellulose I to cellulose II, which is more accessible to hydrolysis [79]. Via anaerobic digestion, biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, can be obtained from cotton waste.…”

Preparation and characterization of cotton fiber fragments from model textile waste via mechanical milling and enzyme degradation

“…These non-sustainable disposal practices provoke efforts to recycle textile wastes and bring renewed value to their components (Pang et Cotton, as the most popular natural ber, occupies the second largest market share (24%) in textiles (Cotton Inc.; Textile Exchange 2021), yet this also means that tons of cotton waste are produced every year. Various mechanical and chemical recycling methods have been developed to improve cotton textile reuse (de Silva and Byrne 2017; Serra et al 2018;Husain et al 2019;Johnson et al 2020; Damayanti et al 2021). In mechanical recycling, cotton textile wastes are cut, shredded and combed to recover intact staple length bers for re-spinning.…”