This paper describes the fabrication method and mechanical characterization of nonwoven fabrics from industrial fabric wastes by different machine variables. Cotton waste fibres underwent the mechanical recycling methods, needle punching process and worked into a continuous web of nonwoven fabrics. The measurement method of full factorial design of experiment was implemented in this study as a systematic and efficient way to distinguish between the interaction of more than one factor which are the fibre feeder speed and the number of stacking layers, respectively. Three different fibre feeder speed of 1.8 m/s, 2.2 m/s and 2.8 m/s and three levels of stacking layer (4, 5 and 6 layers) were examined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant factors that influenced the mechanical properties of the web nonwoven fabrics. The mechanical properties of nonwoven web were measured by bursting strength test and puncture resistance test. The results displayed that the difference in fibre feeder speed and number of stacking layer significantly affect the puncture resistance performance. S26L web resisted the highest load during puncture resistance test which is 70.5 N while S14L resisted the lowest load of 25.5 N. Whereas, bursting strength performance was only affected by the fibre feeder speed. Lower fibre feeder speed produced stronger nonwoven fabric. Hence, the faster the fibre feeder speed and the higher number of stacking layer give good puncture resistance properties of nonwoven fabrics while the bursting properties of nonwoven fabrics shows the opposites results.

Abstract.This research was conducted to analyze the thrust performance generated from a two dimensional contractile water jet thruster (CWJT). The main aim of this research is to investigate the relation and reaction between the input parameters of the contractile water jet thruster. The major parameter of this study is the actuating force as the input and the thrust force as the output. In addition to these parameters, nozzle area and fluid velocity influence were also considered in the investigation. Two pneumatic cylinders were applied to actuate the contraction. Thrust force was measured by both experimentally and theoretically. Generally the increment of the contraction force increases the thmst force. However, generated thrust at different contraction force depends on the size of the nozzle.

Interlacing of fiber bundles offers advantages in terms of good dimensional stability and high packing density. Woven fabric interlacing structure sourced from natural fiber (NF) has gained greater attention due to increasing environmental awareness. This study emphasizes the development of a weaving device suitable for yarns that are thick and coarse in structure. Furthermore, output analysis was performed on the fabrics and a static puncture test was conducted. Fabric analysis involved assessment of the fabric's characterization, such as fabric thickness, weight, density, wavelength and inter-yarn porosity. The fabric puncture test was conducted to determine the puncture resistance of the output produced. A tabletop weaving device was successfully developed in this research and is capable of weaving NF yarns with different degrees of fabric tightness. The results demonstrated that fabrics with lower porosity values have greater puncture resistance and a higher deflection rate of failure. It is apparent that the developed weaving device can produce tight woven structure fabrics from NF yarns with excellent puncture resistance.

No abstract

No abstract