Mechanical properties improvement in silica-filled natural rubber composites using stearyl alcohol

A novel thiourea based interfacial modifier for silica‐filled natural rubber composites

“…3,4 Despite the advantages that silica possesses, silica-filled rubber composites have lower mechanical properties than those filled with carbon. 5 This is due to the hydrophilic nature of silica, which originated from the presence of a large number of silanol groups on its surface, which leads to strong filler-filler interactions and the adsorption of polar rubber curatives on its surface by forming hydrogen bonds with them. 6,7 As a result, the scorch time is delayed and the cross-link density is reduced in the silica-filled rubber composites.…”

“…8,9 As a result, finding alternative green modifiers for silane has become one of the major challenges facing the rubber industry in recent years. 5,[7][8][9] Several attempts have been made to provide an alternative to silane, such as Katueangngan et al 3 prepared a renewable interfacial modifier, namely hydroxyl terminated natural rubber (HTNR), for silicafilled natural rubber (NR) compounds. They found that using HTNR produced compound with better cure characteristic, tensile properties and lesser Payne effect than the non-treated compound.…”

“…This is due to the advantages that silica has over carbon, such as its low rolling resistance, high abrasion, excellent moisture traction, and heat resistance 3,4 . Despite the advantages that silica possesses, silica‐filled rubber composites have lower mechanical properties than those filled with carbon 5 . This is due to the hydrophilic nature of silica, which originated from the presence of a large number of silanol groups on its surface, which leads to strong filler–filler interactions and the adsorption of polar rubber curatives on its surface by forming hydrogen bonds with them 6,7 .…”

Jojoba Oil (Simmondsia Chinensis) as a Natural Plasticizer for Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Elastomers

“…Samantarai et al grafted cardanol ( meta -pentadecenyl phenol, extracted from cashew nutshell liquid) by chemical reaction into carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) to improve processability and to impart biocompatibility to the functionalized XNBR. , In another study, Samantarai et al grafted the phosphorylated cardanol prepolymer into NBR to enhance the plasticizer effect. Surya et al added stearyl alcohol, a fatty alcohol from natural origin, into silica-filled natural rubber composites to improve mechanical properties (torque, cross-link density, and tensile strength) and plasticizer performance also . Thus, by this survey of the recent literature, it is clear that additives from natural origin, particularly, oils from vegetable origin, are finding applications in the rubber industry to substitute advantageously conventional plasticizers.…”

“…Surya et al added stearyl alcohol, a fatty alcohol from natural origin, into silica-filled natural rubber composites to improve mechanical properties (torque, crosslink density, and tensile strength) and plasticizer performance also. 15 Thus, by this survey of the recent literature, it is clear that additives from natural origin, particularly, oils from vegetable origin, are finding applications in the rubber industry to substitute advantageously conventional plasticizers. Vegetable oils can be characterized by their content of a variety of fatty acids, which determine the relative level of unsaturation in the oil.…”