Mechanical properties of NaSICON: a brief review

Wolfenstine, J.; Go, Wooseok; Kim, Young‐Sik; Sakamoto, Jeff

doi:10.1007/s11581-022-04820-z

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thus, overall, the different compositions have similar fracture toughness ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 MPaÁm 1/2 . In the literature, a strong link between the glassy phase content and the fracture toughness results was suggested [60,61]. However, in the current work the glassy phase and NASICON main phase seem to exhibit similar mechanical properties; thus, no influence of the glassy phase content on the mechanical properties of the specimens can be observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Na1+xHf2Si2.3P0.7O10.85+0.5x and Na1+xZr2P3-xSixO12 NASICON-type solid electrolytes

et al. 2022

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NASICON-type solid electrolytes are promising materials for novel solid-state-batteries aiming toward high energy densities. Na1+xHf2Si2.3P0.7O10.85+0.5x with varying sodium content as well as Sc- or Mg-doped and undoped Na1+xZr2P3-xSixO12 were synthesized by solution-assisted solid-state reaction. Microstructural and mechanical characteristics as well as conductivities were investigated. The electrochemical and microstructural properties of all studied materials appear to be highly affected by the sodium content glassy phase and secondary phase formation as well as bloating. The mechanical properties of the specimens depend mainly on microstructural characteristics. Our findings indicate improved mechanical behavior is achieved when bloating and secondary phase formation are inhibited. However, possible influences of glassy phase content on the material properties need to be further investigated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Na1+xHf2Si2.3P0.7O10.85+0.5x and Na1+xZr2P3-xSixO12 NASICON-type solid electrolytes

et al. 2022

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“…In previous stripping experiments, NZSPO has already shown electrochemical stability against metallic sodium as well as sodium−tin alloys, and thus, is not reduced at low potentials. 9,33,34 By insertion of the relatively thick and 95% dense NZSPO interlayer, a model electrode/interlayer combination was formed that protects the promising sulfide SE from chemical decomposition. To investigate the applicability, chemical stability, and potentially improved stability of the sulfide electrolyte, the following tests were conducted.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their disadvantage is their strong reactivity with typical anode and cathode materials. 8 Chloride and oxide solid electrolytes are chemically more stable; however, oxides as typical ceramics feature high Young′s and shear moduli, 9 and halides do not show sufficient ionic conductivities. 10 Borohydrides require an intricate synthesis procedure and are not easily available.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective NaSICON Interlayer between a Sodium–Tin Alloy Anode and Sulfide-Based Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries

Goodwin,

Till,

Bhardwaj

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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This paper presents a suitable combination of different sodium solid electrolytes to surpass the challenge of highly reactive cell components in sodium batteries. The focus is laid on the introduction of ceramic Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 serving as a protective layer for sulfide-based separator electrolytes to avoid the high reactivity with the sodium metal anode. The chemical instability of the anode|sulfide solid electrolyte interface is demonstrated by impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 disk shows chemical stability with the sodium metal anode as well as the sulfide solid electrolyte. Impedance analysis suggests an electrochemically stable interface. Electron microscopy points to a reaction at the Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 surface toward the sulfide solid electrolyte, which does not seem to affect the performance negatively. The results presented prove the chemical stabilization of the anode-separator interface using a Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 interlayer, which is an important step toward a sodium all-solid-state battery. Due to the applied pressure that is mandatory for battery cells with sulfide-based cathode composite, the use of a brittle ceramic in such cells remains challenging.

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“…Mechanical properties are a determining factor for the following factors affecting SSE performance: (1) Lithium dendrite suppression: High elastic stiffness (<10 GPa , ) and shear modulus of the SSE should be equal to or greater than those of Li, which have been experimentally determined as 1.9 and 3.1 GPa. (2) High fracture toughness: High fracture toughness allows for a thinner electrolyte, enabling desirable cell operational properties like high power output during discharge, high energy density, and lower cell resistance. , Recent studies , discovered that the critical current, which causes cell failure when dendrites grow during charging, is linked to the solid electrolyte’s fracture strength and grain boundary conductivity. As the fracture strength increases, the critical current also increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) High fracture toughness: High fracture toughness allows for a thinner electrolyte, enabling desirable cell operational properties like high power output during discharge, high energy density, and lower cell resistance. 25 , 26 Recent studies 25 , 27 discovered that the critical current, which causes cell failure when dendrites grow during charging, is linked to the solid electrolyte’s fracture strength and grain boundary conductivity. As the fracture strength increases, the critical current also increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust and Manufacturable Lithium Lanthanum Titanate-Based Solid-State Electrolyte Thin Films Deposited in Open Air

et al. 2023

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State-of-the-art solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are limited in their energy density and processability based on thick, brittle pellets, which are generally hot pressed in vacuum over the course of several hours. We report on a high-throughput, open-air process for printable thin-film ceramic SSEs in a remarkable oneminute time frame using a lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLTO)-based SSE that we refer to as robust LLTO (R-LLTO). Powder XRD analysis revealed that the main phase of R-LLTO is polycrystalline LLTO, accompanied by selectively retained crystalline precursor phases. R-LLTO is highly dense and closely matched to the stoichiometry of LLTO with some heterogeneity throughout the film. A minimal presence of lithium carbonate is identified despite processing fully in ambient conditions. The LLTO films exhibit remarkable mechanical properties, demonstrating both flexibility with a low modulus of ∼35 GPa and a high fracture toughness of >2.0 MPa m . We attribute this mechanical robustness to several factors, including grain boundary strengthening, the presence of precursor crystalline phases, and a decrease in crystallinity or ordering caused by ultrafast processing. The creation of R-LLTO�a ceramic material with elastic properties that are closer to polymers with higher fracture toughness�enables new possibilities for the design of robust solid-state batteries.

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Mechanical properties of NaSICON: a brief review

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Na1+xHf2Si2.3P0.7O10.85+0.5x and Na1+xZr2P3-xSixO12 NASICON-type solid electrolytes

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Na1+xHf2Si2.3P0.7O10.85+0.5x and Na1+xZr2P3-xSixO12 NASICON-type solid electrolytes

Protective NaSICON Interlayer between a Sodium–Tin Alloy Anode and Sulfide-Based Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries

Robust and Manufacturable Lithium Lanthanum Titanate-Based Solid-State Electrolyte Thin Films Deposited in Open Air

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