Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers

Krevelen, D.W. Van

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-054819-7.00013-3

Cited by 121 publications

(155 citation statements)

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“…Polymer Journal (2013) 45, 1202-1209; doi:10.1038/pj.2013.49; published online 22 May 2013 Keywords: gas transport properties; poly(etherimide)s; polyimides; thermal properties INTRODUCTION Aromatic polyimides (PIs) were first produced in 1908; since then, interest in this type of polymers has been growing because of their exceptional properties, such as excellent thermal, thermo-oxidative and dimensional stability; high radiation and solvent resistance; low dielectric constant; and unusually good mechanical properties. [1][2][3] This unique combination of properties makes PIs ideal for a variety of applications, for example, in microelectronics, microelectromechanical systems, aerospace and photoelectronics or as gas separation membranes, materials for memory devices, alignment layers in liquid crystal displays, and redox-active, electrochromic polymers. 3-6 Although many excellent polyimides are known and commercially available, new polyimides are emerging as research continues on the chemical structure-property correlations and on the search for new compounds with unique combinations of properties for special applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of new highly soluble aromatic poly(etherimide)s containing isopropylidene groups

Wolińska‐Grabczyk

Schab‐Balcerzak

Grabiec

et al. 2013

Polym J

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A series of amorphous poly(etherimide)s (PEIs) was synthesized from 4,4 0 -(4,4 0 -isopropylidene-diphenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride) and different diamines or from 4,4 0 -(4,4 0 -isopropylidene-diphenyl-1,1 0 -diyldioxy)dianiline and 4,4 0 -(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride. The structures of the obtained PEIs were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies ( 1 H and 13 C NMR) and by elemental analysis. These polymers show excellent solubility in a broad range of solvents and produce strong and flexible films. The films were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and mechanical testing, and were characterized by gas transport measurements. The obtained films exhibit thermal stability up to 500 1C, good mechanical properties and a CO 2 permeability of 7.85 Barrer with a CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of 21.2 for the polymer that contains hexafluoroisopropylidene moieties. The effects of the chemical structures on the physical and gas permeation properties were studied. The introduction of bulky cardo or hexafluoroisopropylidene moieties into the polymer chain increases the glass transition temperature (T g ) and fractional free volume (FFV), while the incorporation of additional ether linkages produces the opposite effect. Using an existing free volume approach, we found that the permeabilities of the studied PEIs are well correlated with their FFVs. Polymer Journal (2013) 45, 1202-1209; doi:10.1038/pj.2013.49; published online 22 May 2013 Keywords: gas transport properties; poly(etherimide)s; polyimides; thermal properties INTRODUCTION Aromatic polyimides (PIs) were first produced in 1908; since then, interest in this type of polymers has been growing because of their exceptional properties, such as excellent thermal, thermo-oxidative and dimensional stability; high radiation and solvent resistance; low dielectric constant; and unusually good mechanical properties. [1][2][3] This unique combination of properties makes PIs ideal for a variety of applications, for example, in microelectronics, microelectromechanical systems, aerospace and photoelectronics or as gas separation membranes, materials for memory devices, alignment layers in liquid crystal displays, and redox-active, electrochromic polymers. 3-6 Although many excellent polyimides are known and commercially available, new polyimides are emerging as research continues on the chemical structure-property correlations and on the search for new compounds with unique combinations of properties for special applications. Recently, particular attention has been paid to new materials and technologies for gas separation applications because of environmental concerns and economic interests. Polymeric gas separation membranes exhibit good mechanical properties, often

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confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of new highly soluble aromatic poly(etherimide)s containing isopropylidene groups

Wolińska‐Grabczyk

Schab‐Balcerzak

Grabiec

et al. 2013

Polym J

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“…Using the macro-meso-scale approach, a set of basic polymer repeat-units promising to have the required target property (for the case study chosen here) is first obtained. Water absorptivity values (estimated using van Krevelen's group contribution method (van Krevelen, 1990)) for the identified basic polymer repeat units were comparatively lower, as shown in Table 1. Alternatively, we could have used all the functional groups to generate millions of structures, and then screen them for the three macro-scale properties and screen out most of the non-hydrocarbon structures.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computer Aided Molecular Design (CAMD) technique applied to polymer repeat-unit design, the macro-scale property constraints are evaluated using a set of pre-selected predictive property models based on functional groups (van Krevelen, 1990;Sataynarayana et al, 2007), while, atomconnectivities are used for predicting missing group contributions and/or properties (Bicerano, 2002;Sataynarayana et al, 2007) at the meso-scale. Molecular descriptors are then used to evaluate the polymer chain on the micro-scale (Tsolou et al, 2008).…”

Section: Brazilian Journal Of Chemical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer aided polymer design using multi-scale modelling

Satyanarayana¹,

Abildskov²,

Gani³

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-The ability to predict the key physical and chemical properties of polymeric materials from their repeat-unit structure and chain-length architecture prior to synthesis is of great value for the design of polymerbased chemical products, with new functionalities and improved performance. Computer aided molecular design (CAMD) methods can expedite the design process by establishing input-output relations between the type and number of functional groups in a polymer repeat unit and the desired macroscopic properties. A multi-scale model-based approach that combines a CAMD technique based on group contribution plus models for predicting polymer repeat unit properties with atomistic simulations for providing first-principles arrangements of the repeat units and for predictions of physical properties of the chosen candidate polymer structures, has been developed and tested for design of polymers with desired properties. A case study is used to highlight the main features of this multi-scale model-based approach for the design of a polymer-based product.

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“…Although MIBK solvent can also be used to solubilize PMMA, it was not used in this work because of its solubility parameter. The miscibility of a polymer can be determined quantitatively by the difference between δ P (polymer solubility) and δ S (solvent solubility), where solvents may be classified as good, medium and bad for a given polymer [16] . Based on this, chloroform, which has a solubility parameter range around 19.03 (J 1/2 cm -3/2 ) is a good solvent for PMMA that has solubility parameter of 19.0 (J 1/2 cm -3/2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%