Mechanical properties of the human lens capsule

Krag, Susanne; Andreassen, Troels T.

doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(03)00063-6

Cited by 145 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…There are many age changes in the biomechanics of the accommodative apparatus including an increase in elastic stiffness of the capsule (Krag and Andreassen, 2003;Krag et al, 1997), decreased compliance of the posterior attachment of the ciliary muscle (Tamm et al, 1992(Tamm et al, , 1991 and loss of accommodative ability of the lens due to increased stiffness Campbell, 1998, 1999;Heys et al, 2004). Given the fine balance of forces required for accommodation, age changes in the biomechanics of the plant might alter the dynamics of accommodation (Kasthurirangan and Glasser, 2006) unless compensatory neuronal control strategies occur to maintain accommodative dynamics constant with age .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edinger–Westphal stimulated accommodative dynamics in anesthetized, middle-aged rhesus monkeys

Baumeister

Wendt

Glasser

2008

Experimental Eye Research

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The relationships between peak velocity and amplitude of Edinger-Westphal (EW) stimulated accommodation and disaccommodation were investigated in anesthetized, middle-aged rhesus monkeys. Accommodative responses were recorded at 30 Hz with infrared photorefraction. Peak velocity of accommodation and disaccommodation increased linearly with stimulus amplitude. Peak velocities of accommodation continued to increase with stimulus amplitudes greater than required to produce the maximum response. The peak velocity of disaccommodation did not further increase with supramaximal stimulus amplitudes beyond that achieved with maximal stimulus amplitudes. Although maximum accommodative response amplitude is reduced in older rhesus monkeys, within the methodological constraints of this study, older monkeys appear to achieve accommodative and disaccommodative peak velocities similar to adolescent monkeys for the same response amplitudes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edinger–Westphal stimulated accommodative dynamics in anesthetized, middle-aged rhesus monkeys

Baumeister

Wendt

Glasser

2008

Experimental Eye Research

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“…During lens reconstitution from epithelium/capsule fragments in the developing chick, cells that lose contact with the basement membrane undergo anoikis (apoptosis due to loss of matrix attachment) while cells attached to the capsule fragment migrate to reestablish their normal polarity within the eye (47). It is known that the elasticity within the capsule is directly correlated with its thickness (48). All cells involved in the exfoliation syndrome process demonstrated common ultrastructural signs of active fibrillogenesis and metabolic activation, such as increased vesicular transport to the cell surface, extracellular material formation within invaginations of cellular surfaces and a prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical analysis of microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 and clusterin expression in lens epithelial cells of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome

Stafiej

Hałas‐Wiśniewska

Izdebska

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is an age-associated, sight disorder affecting elastic fibers in the eye and visceral organs but its exact etiology remains unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine the morphology and ultrastructure of lens epithelial cells (LECs), and to use immunohistochemistry to examine localization of microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1) and clusterin. Anterior lens capsules were obtained from 24 patients (13 PEX and 11 controls) who underwent phacoemulsification. Immunohistochemistry was performed, using antibodies against MGST1 and clusterin, to determine their expression. The morphology and ultrastructure of LECs were evaluated by light and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The PEX LECs were characterized by significantly lower MGST1 (P= 0.0001) and clusterin expression (P= 0.0005) compared with the control group patients. PEX LECs were also observed to have significantly increased thickness compared with the control group patients (P= 0.0002). The current findings suggest that low MGST1 and clusterin expression levels may be an early clinical indicator of PEX, and that oxidative stress may serve an important role, but that the specific etiology of this disease has yet to be revealed.

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“…Production of the posterior capsule stops early in life and it is not clear at present to what extent the lens epithelial cells play a role in maintaining the posterior capsule (for a review, see Krag and Andreassen. 24,25 ) On the basis of the available information, we surmize that at least in elderly patients a loss of lens epithelial cells will not lead to loss of integrity and transparency of the posterior region of the capsular bag. However, this potential complication will need to be assessed in a long-term follow-up study of animal models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lens cell targetting for gene therapy of prevention of posterior capsule opacification

Malecaze

Serre

et al. 2006

Gene Ther

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Posterior capsule opacification is the main complication of cataract surgery. Using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, we recently reported that it was feasible to prevent PCO by overexpressing pro-apoptotic molecules such as procaspase 3 or Bax in the residual lens epithelial cells postcataract surgery. However, this approach is feasible only if gene transfer can be restricted to the residual cells responsible for PCO. Initially, we tested an adenovirus (human serotype 5, HAd5), a lentivirus (HIV) and an oncoretrovirus (MLV) vector for the their in vivo transduction efficiency of rabbit lens cells. We found that HAd5 vectors were the most efficient (490% of the cells could be transduced). Six potential lens-specific promoters were then cloned into HAd5 vectors and assayed for their ability to target expression to a specific population of cells, using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo rabbit tissues and human lens capsular bags. We found that the LEP503, MIP and Filensin promoters induced strong lensspecific expression of a reporter gene, in human lens cells. Following this ex vivo assay, we showed in a rabbit PCO model that gene transfer could be spatially restricted to the capsular bag by confining the vector with Matrigel. Our combined approach using a lens-specific promoter and a biocompatible gel should render feasible a novel therapeutic strategy for PCO that targets the remaining lens cells.

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Mechanical properties of the human lens capsule

Cited by 145 publications

References 73 publications

Edinger–Westphal stimulated accommodative dynamics in anesthetized, middle-aged rhesus monkeys

Edinger–Westphal stimulated accommodative dynamics in anesthetized, middle-aged rhesus monkeys

Immunohistochemical analysis of microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 and clusterin expression in lens epithelial cells of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome

Lens cell targetting for gene therapy of prevention of posterior capsule opacification

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