“…48 Second, the fiber’s high stiffness improves the E value of the composite film. 49 Thirdly, it might be associated with the chemical similarity between the Enset fiber and biopolymer matrix.Figure 12.Effect of fiber loading on Young’s modulus of the bio-composite film.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because the viscosity of the resin is high, this limits the flow and the distribution of the resin all over the composite film, reducing the interfacial strength throughout the film. 49 Figure 14.(a) 3-D surface response and (b) Interaction of temperature and fiber loading on E.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because the viscosity of the resin is high, this limits the flow and the distribution of the resin all over the composite film, reducing the interfacial strength throughout the film. 49 Interaction effect of pressure and fiber loading on E. Figure 15 shows the interaction of pressure and fiber loading on the E property of the bio-composite film. The interaction of fiber loading and pressure has a negative impact on the E of the bio-composite film as presented in equation (3).…”
Section: Effects Of Process Parameters On Ementioning
The use and disposal of traditional fiber-reinforced polymer composites is an important environmental challenge as one of the factors contributing to worsening climate change. The primary objective of this research is to synthesize thermoplastic starch (TPS) from edible banana skins which can potentially be used as a matrix to produce bio-composite films. For the synthesis of TPS, the preparation of banana peels was performed followed by plasticization to obtain the banana peels TPS. For bio-composite film fabrication, the TPS was mixed with short false banana fibers (FBF) (10–30% by weight of the film) with an electronic blender to form a uniform dispersion of the fibers in the TPS. The FBF/TPS blend was applied uniformly on the surface of the rectangular metal mold. The autoclave method has been adopted for curing and molding the bio-composite film. Then, it was hot pressed varying the temperature and pressure from 131–141 OC to 3–6 MPa, respectively, to obtain the final cured film. The specimen was then solidified or hardened at ambient temperature. Finally, optimization of process parameters, fiber content, and their interaction effects on the tear strength, tensile strength, and bending modulus of the bio composite films were conducted using response surface methodology. The results indicate that both the effects of one factor and the interaction of factors have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of composite films. The optimum processing parameters for TPS production are a temperature of 50 OC and a drying time of 24 h. The optimal result indicates that, at 30% fiber loading, the optimum processing temperature and pressure are 135.14°C and 4.33 MPa, respectively, resulting in a composite film with good mechanical properties.
“…48 Second, the fiber’s high stiffness improves the E value of the composite film. 49 Thirdly, it might be associated with the chemical similarity between the Enset fiber and biopolymer matrix.Figure 12.Effect of fiber loading on Young’s modulus of the bio-composite film.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because the viscosity of the resin is high, this limits the flow and the distribution of the resin all over the composite film, reducing the interfacial strength throughout the film. 49 Figure 14.(a) 3-D surface response and (b) Interaction of temperature and fiber loading on E.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because the viscosity of the resin is high, this limits the flow and the distribution of the resin all over the composite film, reducing the interfacial strength throughout the film. 49 Interaction effect of pressure and fiber loading on E. Figure 15 shows the interaction of pressure and fiber loading on the E property of the bio-composite film. The interaction of fiber loading and pressure has a negative impact on the E of the bio-composite film as presented in equation (3).…”
Section: Effects Of Process Parameters On Ementioning
The use and disposal of traditional fiber-reinforced polymer composites is an important environmental challenge as one of the factors contributing to worsening climate change. The primary objective of this research is to synthesize thermoplastic starch (TPS) from edible banana skins which can potentially be used as a matrix to produce bio-composite films. For the synthesis of TPS, the preparation of banana peels was performed followed by plasticization to obtain the banana peels TPS. For bio-composite film fabrication, the TPS was mixed with short false banana fibers (FBF) (10–30% by weight of the film) with an electronic blender to form a uniform dispersion of the fibers in the TPS. The FBF/TPS blend was applied uniformly on the surface of the rectangular metal mold. The autoclave method has been adopted for curing and molding the bio-composite film. Then, it was hot pressed varying the temperature and pressure from 131–141 OC to 3–6 MPa, respectively, to obtain the final cured film. The specimen was then solidified or hardened at ambient temperature. Finally, optimization of process parameters, fiber content, and their interaction effects on the tear strength, tensile strength, and bending modulus of the bio composite films were conducted using response surface methodology. The results indicate that both the effects of one factor and the interaction of factors have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of composite films. The optimum processing parameters for TPS production are a temperature of 50 OC and a drying time of 24 h. The optimal result indicates that, at 30% fiber loading, the optimum processing temperature and pressure are 135.14°C and 4.33 MPa, respectively, resulting in a composite film with good mechanical properties.
“…While various researchers have concluded that the incorporation of OPEFB fiber to polymer matrices can improve its mechanical properties [13,14,15,16,17,18], limited studies have reported the use of OPEFB loadings lower than 10 wt%. Two examples of such research have been investigated by Adnan et al [19] who investigated the effect of micro OPEFB filler loadings (up to 5 wt%) on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch / OPEFB biocomposite film and Saba et al [20] who fabricated OPEFB epoxy composites with the use of dried nano OPEFB filler at various loadings (1%. 3% and 5%).…”
Numerous literatures have suggested that the use of natural fiber as filler can improve the mechanical properties of a polymer composite. Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers (OPEFB) are no exception and have shown to exhibit good mechanical properties, with the potential to produce environmentally friendlier composites. In this study, the tensile strengths and morphologies of micro OPEFB filled composites with varying loadings (0.3125 wt% to 10 wt%) were investigated. It was found that increasing content of OPEFB reduces the translucency of the composite almost linearly. It was also revealed that the addition of 0.3125 wt% to 2.5 wt% has a reinforcing effect, observing improvement up to 17.4% compared to its neat condition. Such findings would facilitate the development of an effective OPEFB reinforced polymeric nanocomposite.
“…Natural fibers can be employed to reinforce polymers while reducing the negative environmental impacts associated with non-renewable materials [7,8,9]. Various studies have reported that OPEFB fillers [10,11,12,13] and carbon nanofillers [14,15,16,17] can impart various mechanical improvements in a composite material such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness.…”
In recent decades, polymer composites have gained significant interests within the research community due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. Its properties, such as low cost, lightweight, corrosion resistance, and impact resistance, make it desirable for both household and industrial applications. However, the reliability of the composite model with density influence is still challenging. In this study, experiments were carried out using epoxy systems of varying densities to fabricate oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) carbon nanoparticle composites to investigate the influence of matrix density on its Weibull modulus. It is found that the increase in matrix density increases the nanocomposite reliability. A Weibull modulus of 9.5, 82.2 and 183.4 were obtained for low, medium and high matrix density nanocomposites, respectively. Such findings would facilitate the development of particle-reinforced composites.
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