Mechanical properties of water desalination and wastewater treatment membranes

Wang, Kui; Abdalla, Ahmed; Khaleel, Mohammad A.; Hilal, Nidal; Khraisheh, Marwan

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2016.06.032

Cited by 174 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 195 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…In addition, these processes offer advantages such as low space requirement, process and plant compactness, operational simplicity, and ease of process automation [16]. Pressure-driven membrane-based processes utilize semipermeable membranes to purify water during which water molecules diffuse through the membrane while the salts are rejected [17,18]. Many different membrane-based processes have been utilized for seawater and brackish water treatment obtained from a variety of sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

et al. 2019

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Water scarcity is a grand challenge that has always stimulated research interests in finding effective means for pure water production. In this context, reverse osmosis (RO) is considered the leading and the most optimized membrane-based desalination process that is currently dominating the desalination market. In this review, various aspects of RO desalination are reviewed. Theories and models related to concentration polarization and membrane transport, as well as merits and drawbacks of these models in predicting polarization effects, are discussed. An updated review of studies related to membrane modules (plate and frame, tubular, spiral wound, and hollow fiber) and membrane characterization are provided. The review also discusses membrane cleaning and different pre-treatment technologies in place for RO desalination, such as feed-water pre-treatment and biocides. RO pre-treatment technologies, which include conventional (e.g., coagulationflocculation, media filtration, disinfection, scale inhibition) and non-conventional (e.g., MF, UF, and NF) are reviewed and their relative attributes are compared. As per the available literature, UF, MF and coagulation-flocculation are considered the most widely used pre-treatment technologies. In addition, this review discusses membrane fouling, which represents a serious challenge in RO processes due to its significant contribution to energy requirements and process economy (e.g., flux decline, permeate quality, membrane lifespan, increased feed pressure, increased pre-treatment and membrane maintenance cost). Different membrane fouling types, such as colloidal, organic, inorganic, and biological fouling, are addressed in this review. Principles of RO process design and the embedded economic and energy considerations are discussed. In general, cost of water desalination has dropped to values that made it a viable option, comparable even to conventional water treatment methods. Finally, an overview of hybrid RO desalination processes and the current challenges faced by RO desalination processes are presented and discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

et al. 2019

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“…Among various technologies for water treatment, membrane separation technology is widely accepted as an emerging route not only to desalinate seawater and brackish water, but also to reuse wastewater [6,7]. Furthermore, due to the advantages offered such as high stability and efficiency, ease operation, low operating cost and capital, low energy consumption and also low pollution, it is known as one of the major technologies for sustainable environmental pollution control engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Water Treatment Application of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-Based Composite Membranes: A Review

et al. 2017

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Membrane separation technology is widely explored for various applications, such as water desalination and wastewater treatment, which can alleviate the global issue of fresh water scarcity. Specifically, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based composite membranes are increasingly of interest due to the combined merits of CNTs and membrane separation, offering enhanced membrane properties. This article first briefly discusses fabrication and growth mechanisms, characterization and functionalization techniques of CNTs, and then reviews the fabrication methods for CNTs-based composite membranes in detail. The applications of CNTs-based composite membranes in water treatment are comprehensively reviewed, including seawater or brine desalination, oil-water separation, removal of heavy metal ions and emerging pollutants as well as membrane separation coupled with assistant techniques. Furthermore, the future direction and perspective for CNTs-based composite membranes are also briefly outlined.

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“…Thus, the removal efficiency of water treatment systems was stronger when the filter element was replaced more frequently [40]. One possible reason for this is leakage from the reverse osmosis membrane after the water treatment system has been used for a long time, which leads to membrane failure [41]. The average rate of sulfide removal was −18% versus −76% for purifiers with a filter service time ≤1 year versus >1 year, respectively ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Influence Of the Filter Element Service Time On Purified Watmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cause of the increase in metal concentration in purified water requires further study. Potential sources of metal dissolution are the stainless-steel bellows, water pumps, water storage pressure pots, faucets, and other components of the water treatment systems [16,39,41].…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Efficacy of Point-of-Use Water Treatment Systems Using the Water Quality Index in Rural Southwest China

Zhang

et al. 2020

Water

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Rural China faces a shortage of safe drinking water. There are significant challenges associated with small centralized water supply systems and decentralized water supply systems. Many rural residents use point-of-use water treatment systems to ensure the safety of their drinking water. The actual water purification effect and applicability of these water treatment systems in small centralized and decentralized water supply systems need to be determined urgently. In this study, the water quality index (WQI) method was applied for the first time in rural areas to evaluate the effectiveness of point-of-use water treatment systems. A total of 67 reverse osmosis water treatment systems were tested. The rate of compliance with drinking water standards of the decentralized water supply was low (37%). Compared with untreated water, the use of a reverse osmosis water treatment system improved the rate of compliance with drinking water standards, but this effect was not satisfactory (8%). Among the factors potentially affecting the purified water quality of point-of-use water treatment systems (e.g., service time of the water treatment system, service time of the filter element, and type of water source), the service time of the filter element had the most significant influence on the water quality. If the filter element had not been replaced for a long period, the removal effect of the water treatment system on the total hardness, sulfide, copper, and ammonia nitrogen was significantly affected, reducing the quality of the purified water. To ensure the safety of drinking water, it is recommended to replace the filter element of a reverse osmosis water treatment system at least once a year.

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Mechanical properties of water desalination and wastewater treatment membranes

Cited by 174 publications

References 195 publications

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

Fabrication and Water Treatment Application of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-Based Composite Membranes: A Review

Evaluating the Efficacy of Point-of-Use Water Treatment Systems Using the Water Quality Index in Rural Southwest China

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