Mechanical response of a head injury model with viscoelastic brain tissue

Wahi, K.K.; Merchant, H. C.

doi:10.1007/bf02367311

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Head impacts may induce large brain deformations at high strains rates, 19 leading to spatially heterogeneous patterns of injury, 21,27, which depend on spatially heterogeneous material properties as well as interactions between the brain and the skull. 4,18,36 The aim of this study is to facilitate modeling of these phenomena by determining the spatial heterogeneity of material properties within the anatomical structures of the brain at short time scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Brain in the Sagittal Plane: Effects of Anatomical Structure and Age

et al. 2011

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Rat is the most commonly used animal model for the study of traumatic brain injury. Recent advances in imaging and computational modeling technology offer the promise of biomechanical models capable of resolving individual brain structures and offering greater insight into the causes and consequences of brain injury. However, there is insufficient data on the mechanical properties of brain structures available to populate these models. In this study, we used microindentation to determine viscoelastic properties of different anatomical structures in sagittal slices of juvenile and adult rat brain. We find that the rat brain is spatially heterogeneous in this anatomical plane supporting previous results in the coronal plane. In addition, the brain becomes stiffer and more heterogeneous as the animal matures. This dynamic, region-specific data will support the development of more biofidelic computational models of brain injury biomechanics and the testing of hypotheses about the manner in which different anatomical structures are injured in a head impact.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Brain in the Sagittal Plane: Effects of Anatomical Structure and Age

et al. 2011

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“…Subsequently, a number of intricate three-dimensional (3D) models were reported, resulting in an improved understanding of TBI mechanics. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Some of the complex models representing the gyri and sulci structures in the brain are developed recently. 26,27 Majority of the models reported in the literature 10,11,27 are validated only against the experimental data presented by Nahum et al 28 Therefore, there still exist a need for the generation of high bio-fidelity human head models and validation against multiple cadaver-based experimental data, in order to understand injury mechanisms comprehensively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial pressure–based validation and analysis of traumatic brain injury using a new three-dimensional finite element human head model

Khanuja

Unni

2019

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Traumatic brain injuries are life-threatening injuries that can lead to long-term incapacitation and death. Over the years, numerous finite element human head models have been developed to understand the injury mechanisms of traumatic brain injuries. Many of these models are erroneous and used ellipsoidal or spherical geometries to represent brain. This work is focused on the development of high-quality, comprehensive three-dimensional finite element human head model with accurate representation of cerebral sulci and gyri structures in order to study traumatic brain injury mechanisms. Present geometry, predicated on magnetic resonance imaging data consist of three rudimentary components, that is, skull, cerebrospinal fluid with the ventricular system, and the soft tissues comprising the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The brain is modeled as a hyperviscoelastic material. Meshed model with 10 nodes modified tetrahedral type element (C3D10M) is validated against two cadaver-based impact experiments by comparing the intracranial pressures at different locations of the head. Our results indicate a better agreement with cadaver results, specifically for the case of frontal and parietal intracranial pressure values. Existing literature focuses mostly on intracranial pressure validation, while the effects of von Mises stress on brain injury are not analyzed in detail. In this work, a detailed interpretation of neurological damage resulting from impact injury is performed by analyzing von Mises stress and intracranial pressure distribution across numerous segments of the brain. A reasonably good correlation with experimental data signifies the robustness of the model for predicting injury mechanisms based on clinical predictions of injury tolerance criteria.

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“…There is a surprising paucity of research on short duration head impacts: while a few studies exist which probe impacts beneath 3 ms in duration [8] , [10] – [15] , to the authors' knowledge the only published works which investigate impacts below 1 ms in duration are early experimental studies on fluid-filled shells by Kenner & Goldsmith [12] and Kabo & Goldsmith [13] , numerical studies by Wahi & Merchant [14] and Young & Morfey [8] , and analytical work by Young [15] . A probable reason for this is that previous studies have principally focussed on the head striking a fixed or heavy object, such as a windscreen or the ground, and it can be shown that these scenarios will invariably lead to comparatively long duration collisions [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Pressure Response in the Brain due to Short Duration Blunt Impacts

Pearce

Young

2014

PLoS ONE

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When the head is subject to non-penetrating (blunt) impact, contusion-type injuries are commonly identified beneath the impact site (the coup) and, in some instances, at the opposite pole (the contre-coup). This pattern of injury has long eluded satisfactory explanation and blunt head injury mechanisms in general remain poorly understood. There are only a small number of studies in the open literature investigating the head's response to short duration impacts, which can occur in collisions with light projectiles. As such, the head impact literature to date has focussed almost exclusively on impact scenarios which lead to a quasi-static pressure response in the brain. In order to investigate the response of the head to a wide range of impact durations, parametric numerical studies were performed on a highly bio-fidelic finite element model of the human head created from in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan data with non-linear tissue material properties. We demonstrate that short duration head impacts can lead to potentially deleterious transients of positive and negative intra-cranial pressure over an order of magnitude larger than those observed in the quasi-static regime despite reduced impact force and energy. The onset of this phenomenon is shown to be effectively predicted by the ratio of impact duration to the period of oscillation of the first ovalling mode of the system. These findings point to dramatically different pressure distributions in the brain and hence different patterns of injury depending on projectile mass, and provide a potential explanation for dual coup/contre-coup injuries observed clinically.

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Mechanical response of a head injury model with viscoelastic brain tissue

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Brain in the Sagittal Plane: Effects of Anatomical Structure and Age

Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Brain in the Sagittal Plane: Effects of Anatomical Structure and Age

Intracranial pressure–based validation and analysis of traumatic brain injury using a new three-dimensional finite element human head model

On the Pressure Response in the Brain due to Short Duration Blunt Impacts

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