Mechanically Robust, Flame-Retardant Poly(lactic acid) Biocomposites via Combining Cellulose Nanofibers and Ammonium Polyphosphate

Yin, Weilun; Chen, Lei; Lu, Fengzhu; Song, Pingan; Dai, Jinfeng; Lian, Meng

doi:10.1021/acsomega.8b00540

Cited by 131 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Yang et al incorporated benzene tricarboxylic acid grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (BTC‐MWCNTs) into EP thermosets, and the TC value reached 0.96 Wm −1 K −1 when 5 wt% BTC‐MWCNTs was required. In comparison with the reported works, the prepared MF‐APP exhibited much higher thermal conductive efficiency for EP thermosets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Simultaneously improving the thermal conductive and flame retardant performance for epoxy resins thermosets by constructing core‐shell‐brush structure and distributing of MWCNTs in brush intervals

Leng

Sun

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Fire safety and thermal dissipation performance of epoxy resins thermosets were critical for its application in key fields such as electronic devices. The simultaneous improvement of flame retardant and thermal conductivity properties were still a challenge. Herein, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was firstly encapsulated with 5-wt% epoxy resins based on APP and then surface grafted with polyurethane polymer chain, and the resulting APP with core-shell-brush structure was constructed. Finally, the multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was assembled in the intervals of polymer brush on APP surface, and the prepared filler was defined as MF-APP. Its chemical structure and morphologies were characterized and confirmed. The wettability of MF-APP was evaluated by water contact angles tests (WCA) and MF-APP exhibited hydrophobic property with the WCA of 138°. When 9-wt% MF-APP was incorporated into EP thermosets, the thermal conductive value of EP/MF-APP achieved 1.02 Wm −1 K −1 , and the MWCNTs concentration was only 1.8 wt% in thermosets.Compared with the previous work, the prepared EP/MF-APP thermosets exhibited outstanding thermal conductive efficiency because of the homogeneously distribution of MWCNTs. Moreover, the samples fulfilled UL-94 V-0 grade during vertical burning tests with the limiting oxygen index of 30.8%. As a result, the thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of EP thermosets were simultaneously enhanced with a relatively low addition amount of MF-APP, which would bring more chance for wider application of EP thermosets in key fields. KEYWORDS core-shell-brush structure, epoxy resin, flame retardancy, thermal conductivity 1 | INTRODUCTION Epoxy resin (EP) has been widely used in electronic and electrical industries, especially in printed circuit board (PCB) because of its exciting properties such as corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, and high strength. 1-3 With the development of electronic devices toward miniaturization and integration, a large number of heat fluxes in electronic equipment are generated during operation process. It is crucial for the devices that the produced heat can be effectively dissipated. However, EP thermosets exhibit low intrinsic thermal conductivity of 0.1 to 0.4 Wm −1 K −1 . 4-6 Besides, the fire risk is a significant drawback of the EP thermosets. Considering the public safety and the requirement of electronic devices, the simultaneous improvement of thermal conductivity and flame retardancy for the EPs thermosets is becoming an urgent problem and has attracted a lot of attention over the years.To enhance the thermal conductivity, the traditional highly thermally conductive fillers (~5000 Wm −1 K −1 ) such as aluminum oxide, 7,8 whiskers, 9 nanosilica, 10 and aluminum nitride 11 are generally incorporated into the polymeric material. However, the high loading amount (about 30%-60% by volume) is required to fulfill the thermal conductivity (>1 Wm −1 K −1 ). Besides, the high addition amount of filler would deteriorate the processing and the mechanical properties...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Simultaneously improving the thermal conductive and flame retardant performance for epoxy resins thermosets by constructing core‐shell‐brush structure and distributing of MWCNTs in brush intervals

Leng

Sun

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Such unsuitable IFR quality dramatically decreases the toughness of the matrix, significantly limiting its application. Some strategieshave been successfully employed for improving the tensile toughness of polymer/IFR blends to some extent, but they have provided only limited improvement in the impact strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating a partial wetting structure for improving the toughness of intumescent flame‐retardant HDPE

Zhao

Gao

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Elastomer always exhibited poor efficiency for toughening flame-retardant polymer. In intumescent flameretardant HDPE, a novel multi-steps processing method was employed by Chang Lu and colleagues, to fabricate a partial wetting structure in which LLDPE-g-MAH phase with the sphere was dispersed at the interface. The partial wetting structure caused a remarkable improvement of the toughness of flameretardant HDPE with 2 wt% LLDPE-g-MAH. Its elongation at break and notched impact strength were 43% and 270% higher, respectively, than that of neat HDPE. The unique interface failure mode should be responsible for the high impact strength.ARTICLES 48474 Polybutylene terephthalate modified with dimer acid methyl ester derived from fatty acid methyl esters and its use as a hot-melt adhesive

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“…The peaks appeared at 1632 and 1400 cm −1 , which was corresponded to the stretching vibrations of aromatic compounds and CN . Besides, the peak appearing at 1130, 990, and 880 cm −1 was assigned to the stretching vibrations of POC and POP and the bending vibration of PO, respectively . It was concluded that the flame‐retardant elements such as P and N were retained in the char residue with the incorporation of PPAP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

A facile strategy for enhancing the fire safety of unsaturated polyester resins through introducing an efficient mono‐component intumescent flame retardant

Liu

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) are usually used in the field of automotive and electronic appliances, but their natural flammability severely constrain their wide application. In this research, a mono-component intumescent flame retardant piperazine pyrophosphate (PPAP) was incorporated into the UPR matrix and the fire retardancy, thermal properties, combustion performance, and flame-retarded mechanisms of UPR/PPAP were comprehensively investigated. With as low as 18 wt % PPAP introduced, UPR/18 wt% PPAP thermosets fulfilled UL-94 V-0 grade during vertical burning tests and the limiting oxygen index value reached 29.8%. Cone calorimeter tests shown that the peak of heat release and CO production were prominently declined with the decrease of 60.9% and 70.2% compared with those of UPR. The incorporation of PPAP efficaciously enhanced the fire safety of UPR thermosets. The investigation of flame-retarded mechanisms for UPR/PPAP thermosets indicated that PPAP stimulated UPR thermosets to form sufficient, compact, partially graphitized, and expanded char layer on thermosets surface in advance and the char layer effectively exerted shielding effect in condensed phase. Thus, the total amount of heat of UPR/PPAP was suppressed with the reduction of 42.5% compared with that of UPR. Overall, the excellent fire safety performance promised the flame-retardant UPR/PPAP thermosets crucial application values in some key areas. K E Y W O R D S charring ability, fire safety, flame-retarded mechanisms, unsaturated polyester resins 1 | INTRODUCTION Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are general-purpose thermosetting polymers and have been widely applied in marine, load-bearing infrastructure, electronics, aerospace, and automotive due to their outstanding adhesion, chemical resistance, low cost, and easy process performance. 1-3 However, the intrinsic flammability of UPR thermosets severely restrains the further applications in some fields, especially automotive and electronic appliances. 4,5 Consequently, in order to further improve the commercial utilization rate of UPR thermosets, the development of an efficient and economical flameretardant UPR thermoset has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Currently, with the improvement of the environmental protection and human health awareness, lots of attention was focused on the research of halogen-free flame retardants for the UPR thermosets, Lubin Liu and Yue Xu contributed to this work equally.

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Mechanically Robust, Flame-Retardant Poly(lactic acid) Biocomposites via Combining Cellulose Nanofibers and Ammonium Polyphosphate

Cited by 131 publications

References 37 publications

Simultaneously improving the thermal conductive and flame retardant performance for epoxy resins thermosets by constructing core‐shell‐brush structure and distributing of MWCNTs in brush intervals

Simultaneously improving the thermal conductive and flame retardant performance for epoxy resins thermosets by constructing core‐shell‐brush structure and distributing of MWCNTs in brush intervals

Fabricating a partial wetting structure for improving the toughness of intumescent flame‐retardant HDPE

A facile strategy for enhancing the fire safety of unsaturated polyester resins through introducing an efficient mono‐component intumescent flame retardant

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