“…Various techniques have been utilized to study the anomaly and failure of LIBs, which include but are not limited to, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), 6 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), 26 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), 27 Focused ion Beam (FIB) Microscopy and Micromachining, 26 Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SEM), 28 Thermal Imaging, 29 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), 30 and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). 31 In addition, emerging technologies, such as Scanning Thermo-ionic Microscopy (STIM), 32 Micro-X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES), 33 and Scanning Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (SNSOM) reveal defects and failures at an extra-fine scale. 34 Meanwhile, various modeling approaches considering the multiscale and multiphysics aspects have been suggested to analyze and anticipate safety concerns and the catastrophic breakdowns of LIBs.…”