Mechanics of the red blood cell network

Kaliviotis, Efstathios

doi:10.3233/jcb-15004

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Blood has a pronounced non-Newtonian character, primarily attributed to aggregation, disaggregation, deformation, orientation, and migration of the erythrocytes [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Our model encompassed all the crucial aspects of blood rheology, including yield stress [ 10 , 11 ], thixotropic effects [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], viscous dissipation, and elasticity, which are associated with the aggregation/disaggregation of the erythrocytes [ 15 , 16 ]. The latter features are accompanied by the introduction of a microstructural state indicator that dynamically responds to the stresses currently present in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Constitutive Modeling of the Thixotropic Elasto-Visco-Plastic Behavior of Blood: Steady-State Blood Flow in Microtubes

2021

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The present work focuses on the in-silico investigation of the steady-state blood flow in straight microtubes, incorporating advanced constitutive modeling for human blood and blood plasma. The blood constitutive model accounts for the interplay between thixotropy and elasto-visco-plasticity via a scalar variable that describes the level of the local blood structure at any instance. The constitutive model is enhanced by the non-Newtonian modeling of the plasma phase, which features bulk viscoelasticity. Incorporating microcirculation phenomena such as the cell-free layer (CFL) formation or the Fåhraeus and the Fåhraeus-Lindqvist effects is an indispensable part of the blood flow investigation. The coupling between them and the momentum balance is achieved through correlations based on experimental observations. Notably, we propose a new simplified form for the dependence of the apparent viscosity on the hematocrit that predicts the CFL thickness correctly. Our investigation focuses on the impact of the microtube diameter and the pressure-gradient on velocity profiles, normal and shear viscoelastic stresses, and thixotropic properties. We demonstrate the microstructural configuration of blood in steady-state conditions, revealing that blood is highly aggregated in narrow tubes, promoting a flat velocity profile. Additionally, the proper accounting of the CFL thickness shows that for narrow microtubes, the reduction of discharged hematocrit is significant, which in some cases is up to 70%. At high pressure-gradients, the plasmatic proteins in both regions are extended in the flow direction, developing large axial normal stresses, which are more significant in the core region. We also provide normal stress predictions at both the blood/plasma interface (INS) and the tube wall (WNS), which are difficult to measure experimentally. Both decrease with the tube radius; however, they exhibit significant differences in magnitude and type of variation. INS varies linearly from 4.5 to 2 Pa, while WNS exhibits an exponential decrease taking values from 50 mPa to zero.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Constitutive Modeling of the Thixotropic Elasto-Visco-Plastic Behavior of Blood: Steady-State Blood Flow in Microtubes

2021

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“…The aforementioned studies used image analysis techniques for the characterisation of aggregate size, as they provide unequivocal data [16]. However, there are certain limitations in the use of image analysis for aggregate characterisation, with the main one been the RBC concentration, which affects the image quality due to high light absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red blood cell aggregate flux in a bifurcating microchannel

Kaliviotis

Pasias

Sherwood

et al. 2017

Medical Engineering & Physics

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Red blood cell aggregation plays a key role in microcirculatory flows, however, little is known about the transport characteristics of red blood cell aggregates in branching geometries. This work reports on the fluxes of red blood cell aggregates of various sizes in a T-shaped microchannel, aiming to clarify the effects of different flow conditions in the outlet branches of the channel. Image analysis techniques, were utilised, and moderately aggregating human red blood cell suspensions were tested in symmetric (~50-50%) and asymmetric flow splits through the two outlet (daughter) branches. The results revealed that the flux decreases with aggregate size in the inlet (parent) and daughter branches, mainly due to the fact that the number of larger structures is significantly smaller than that of smaller structures. However, when the flux in the daughter branches is examined relative to the aggregate size flux in the parent branch an increase with aggregate size is observed for a range of asymmetric flow splits. This increase is attributed to size distribution and local concentration changes in the daughter branches. The results show that the flow of larger aggregates is not suppressed downstream of a bifurcation, and that blood flow is maintained, for physiological levels of red blood cell aggregation.

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“…their carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, osmolality and chemotoxicity [6,7]. Several studies revealed enormous differences in the RCM-induced formation of echinocytes [1,11,13,16,17,[20][21][22]28] and also in the aggregability of erythrocytes [10] which also might influence the microcirculatory blood flow [14,15]. These differences could be due to variations in the loss of constituents of the membrane cytoskeleton (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of radiographic contrast media (Iodixanol, Iobitridol) on hemolysis

Gerk

Franke

Jung

2016

JCB

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Radiographic contrast media are able to induce changes of the morphology of erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Particularly, the change of the erythrocyte morphology is associated with a decreased deformability possibly resulting from disintegration and a loss of constituents of the membrane cytoskeleton.However, it is unclear whether there is an intravascular hemolysis as a consequence of the disintegration of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton which might more or less coincide with a loss of erythrocyte membrane integrity.The results of this study showed, that free hemoglobin increased from 14.2 ± 5.1 mg/dl to 17.9 ± 9.8 mg/dl after Iobitridol application (p = 0.089), while it slightly decreased from 21.5 ± 10.9 mg/dl to 19.0 ± 12.9 mg/dl after Iodixanol application (p = 0.289). The slight decrease of free hemoglobin after application of Iodixanol differed significantly compared to the increase of free hemoglobin after Iobitridol application (p < 0.05).This different reponse is thought to give evidence to the assumption that the erythrocyte membrane integrity, in deed, was compromised leading to the release of free hemoglobin as an indicator of hemolysis as well.

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Mechanics of the red blood cell network

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Advanced Constitutive Modeling of the Thixotropic Elasto-Visco-Plastic Behavior of Blood: Steady-State Blood Flow in Microtubes

Advanced Constitutive Modeling of the Thixotropic Elasto-Visco-Plastic Behavior of Blood: Steady-State Blood Flow in Microtubes

Red blood cell aggregate flux in a bifurcating microchannel

Effect of radiographic contrast media (Iodixanol, Iobitridol) on hemolysis

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