Mechanism and control of <i>Genipa americana</i> seed germination

Queiroz, Sue Éllen Ester; Silva, Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da; Davide, Antônio Cláudio; José, Anderson Cleiton; Silva, Anderson Tadeu; Fraiz, Ana Carla Resende; Faria, José Márcio Rocha; Hilhorst, Henk W. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01554.x

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Means followed by identical letters in the same column do not differ each other by Tukey post-hoc comparison (P < 0.05). dormancy in the seeds of some species (Bewley 1997;Gong et al 2005;Queiroz et al 2012), our results indicated the important role of this enzyme in storage mobilization and endosperm weakening -allowing haustorium expansion during seedling development (a post-germination event).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Enzyme activity and reserve mobilization during Macaw palm ( Acrocomia aculeata ) seed germination

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT.Reserve mobilization in seeds occurs after visible germination, which is marked by the protrusion of the radicle or cotyledonary petiole, as in species of Arecaceae. Acrocomia aculeata (macaw palm), usually produces hard seeds whose endosperm has mannan-rich cell walls. We investigated the composition of storage compounds in macaw palm seed and the roles of two enzymes (endo-β-mannanase, α-galactosidase) during and after germination. Th e seeds were fi rstly submitted to pre-established protocol to overcome dormancy and promote germination. Enzyme activity in both embryo and endosperm were assayed from the initiation of germinative activities until leaf sheath appearance, and the status of seed structures and reserve compounds were evaluated. Protein content of the embryo decreased with the initiation of imbibition while the lipid content began decreasing six days after removal of the operculum. Increases in enzyme activity and starch content were both observed after visible germination. We suggest that endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidase become active immediately at germination, facilitating haustorium expansion and providing carbohydrates for initial seedling development. Protein is the fi rst storage compound mobilized during early imbibition, and the observed increase in the starch content of the haustorium was related to lipid degradation in that organ and mannan degradation in the adjacent endosperm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Enzyme activity and reserve mobilization during Macaw palm ( Acrocomia aculeata ) seed germination

et al. 2016

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“…Falls in ABA were probably related to imbibition effects, in agreement with Ali-Rachedi et al (2004). ABA inhibits the synthesis and action of cell wall hydrolases (Amaral da Silva et al 2008;Queiroz et al 2012), and during imbibition these enzymes can mobilise storage products. Tissues surrounding the embryo are sites of cell wall loosening by mannanases, galactosidases and mannosidases, which can also provide mechanical defence (Bewley et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…; Queiroz et al . ), and during imbibition these enzymes can mobilise storage products. Tissues surrounding the embryo are sites of cell wall loosening by mannanases, galactosidases and mannosidases, which can also provide mechanical defence (Bewley et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of macaw palm seed germination by the gibberellin/abscisic acid balance

et al. 2015

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The hormonal mechanisms involved in palm seed germination are not fully understood. To better understand how germination is regulated in Arecaceae, we used macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart.) seed as a model. Endogenous hormone concentrations, tocopherol and tocotrienol and lipid peroxidation during germination were studied separately in the embryo and endosperm. Evaluations were performed in dry (D), imbibed (I), germinated (G) and non-germinated (NG) seeds treated (+GA3 ) or not treated (control) with gibberellins (GA). With GA3 treatment, seeds germinated faster and to a higher percentage than control seeds. The +GA3 treatment increased total bioactive GA in the embryo during germination relative to the control. Abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations decreased gradually from D to G in both tissues. Embryos of G seeds had a lower ABA content than NG seeds in both treatments. The GA/ABA ratio in the embryo was significantly higher in G than NG seeds. The +GA3 treatment did not significantly affect the GA/ABA ratio in either treatment. Cytokinin content increased from dry to germinated seeds. Jasmonic acid (JA) increased and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboylic acid (ACC) decreased after imbibition. In addition, α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol decreased, while lipid peroxidation increased in the embryo during germination. We conclude that germination in macaw palm seed involves reductions in ABA content and, consequently, increased GA/ABA in the embryo. Furthermore, the imbibition process generates oxidative stress (as observed by changes in vitamin E and MDA).

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“…Studies conducted by Queiroz et al (2012), demonstrated that one of mechanisms contributing to slow and uneven germination of G. Americana, is related to strength imposed in the micropylar endosperm preventing the expansion and elongation radicle. Therefore, the main enzyme involved in the weakening of the micropylar endosperm (endo-β-mannanase) it has its activity increased when the seeds are soaked in water.…”

Section: Pre-soaking In Distilled Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of jenipapo in vitro seed germination process

et al. 2016

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The in vitro seed germination is an effective alternative for quickly obtaining explants with sanitary quality. However, jenipapo seeds present slow and uneven germination. Therefore, internal and external factors to seed which directly interfere in the process, they must be identified, in order to adapt better techniques to obtain seedlings. In this sense, this work aimed to optimize the in vitro germination of Genipa americana L. seeds by evaluating different factors (light quality, GA 3 treatment, pre-soaking in distilled water, growing media and stratification in the dark). It was found that the seed germination of G. americana was indifferent to light, however, the best results were obtained under conditions of continuous darkness; There was no effect of the application of exogenous GA 3 ; The pre-soaking in distilled water for 48 h contributes to obtaining better germination rates; And the reduction in MS medium salts, and laminating the pretreatment in the dark maximizes the germination potential of seeds.Therefore, the optimal conditions for in vitro germination of G. americana L. seeds requires pre-soaking in distilled water for 48 hours and inoculation into culture media consisting of ½ MS + 15 g L -1 sucrose, with stratification in the dark for 16 days, followed by the transfer to growth chambers with lighting provided by white fluorescent lamps.Index terms: Genipa americana L.; in vitro culture; ligth quality; Rubiaceae; stratification in the dark. RESUMOA germinação in vitro de sementes é uma alternativa eficaz para obtenção de explantes com rapidez e qualidade sanitária. No entanto, sementes de jenipapeiro apresentam germinação lenta e desuniforme. Para tanto, fatores internos e externos às sementes que interferem diretamente no processo, devem ser identificados, visando à adaptação de melhores técnicas para obtenção de mudas. Neste sentido, objetivou-se otimizar a germinação in vitro de sementes de Genipa americana L. por meio da avaliação de diferentes fatores (qualidade de luz, tratamento com GA 3 , pré-embebição em água destilada, diferentes composições no meio de cultivo e estratificação no escuro). Verificou-se que a germinação das sementes foi indiferente a luz, no entanto, os melhores resultadados foram obtidos sob condições de escuro contínuo; Não houve efeito da aplicação de GA 3 exógeno; A pré-embebição em água destilada durante 48h contribui para obtenção de melhores taxas de germinação; E a redução de sais do meio MS, bem como o pré-tratamento de estratificação no escuro maximizam o potencial germinativo das sementes. Portanto, as condições ótimas para germinação in vitro de sementes de G. americana L. requer a pré-embebição em água destilada por 48 horas e a inoculação em meio de cultivo constituído de ½ MS + 15 g L-1 de sacarose, com estratificação no escuro por 16 dias, seguida pela transferência a salas de crescimento com iluminação fornecida por lâmpadas fluorescentes branca.Termos para indexação: Genipa americana L.; cultivo in vitro; qualidade de luz; Rubiaceae; estratif...

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Mechanism and control of Genipa americana seed germination

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Enzyme activity and reserve mobilization during Macaw palm ( Acrocomia aculeata ) seed germination

Enzyme activity and reserve mobilization during Macaw palm ( Acrocomia aculeata ) seed germination

Control of macaw palm seed germination by the gibberellin/abscisic acid balance

Optimization of jenipapo in vitro seed germination process

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