Mechanism for Activation of Locomotor Centers in the Spinal Cord by Stimulation of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region

Noga, Brian R.; Kriellaars, Dean; Brownstone, Robert M.; Jordan, Larry M.

doi:10.1152/jn.00034.2003

Cited by 116 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

118

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The convergent projections of CnF and PPN to regions that contain excitatory reticulospinal neurons 35,36 provides a gateway to support alternating gaits in a speed dependent manner 37 . This area may also be accessed from CnF independent of PPN since CnF may initiate gallop and bound without activity in PPN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midbrain circuits that set locomotor speed and gait selection

Caggiano¹,

Leiras²,

Goñi-Erro³

et al. 2018

Nature

364

511

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Locomotion is a fundamental motor function common to the animal kingdom. It is executed episodically and adapted to behavioural needs including exploration, requiring slow locomotion, and escaping behaviour, necessitating faster speeds. The control of these functions originates in brainstem structures although the neuronal substrate(s) supporting them are debated. Here, we show in mice that speed/gait selection are controlled by glutamatergic excitatory neurons (GlutNs) segregated in two distinct midbrain nuclei: the Cuneiform Nucleus (CnF) and the Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN). GlutNs in each of those two regions are sufficient for controlling slower alternating locomotor behavior but only GlutNs in the CnF are necessary for high-speed synchronous locomotion. Additionally, PPN- and CnF-GlutNs activation dynamics and their input and output connectivity matrices support explorative and escape locomotion, respectively. Our results identify dual regions in the midbrain that act in common to select context dependent locomotor behaviours.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midbrain circuits that set locomotor speed and gait selection

Caggiano¹,

Leiras²,

Goñi-Erro³

et al. 2018

Nature

364

511

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is unknown whether the ML collater- als traverse or terminate in the stimulated structures. If some of the ML collaterals to the NRGc synapse onto reticulospinal cells, then a reflex spinoreticulospinal proprioceptive pathway will be present granting a rapid motor adjustment in response to proprioceptive feedback from the moving musculature that could be indirectly modulated through mvCN collaterals to the MLR, which, in turn, projects to reticulospinal neurons (Noga et al, 2003). Another option is that the collaterals end at different loci of the reticular formation and/or more rostral structures implicated in sensorimotor integration (Hunt and O'Leary, 1952;Gaze and Gordon, 1954;Feldman et al, 1959;Chuvin, 1971;Haring and Rowinski, 1982;Björkeland and Boivie, 1984;Haring et al, 1984;Li and Mizuno, 1997;Wree et al, 2005).…”

Section: Collateral Branching Of Mvcn Projection Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Afferent Proprioceptive Information at the Main Cuneate Nucleus of Anesthetized Cats

Leiras¹,

Velo²,

Martín-Cora³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Medial lemniscal activity decreases before and during movement, suggesting prethalamic modulation, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we studied the mechanisms underlying proprioceptive transmission at the midventral cuneate nucleus (mvCN) of anesthetized cats using standard extracellular recordings combined with electrical stimulation and microiontophoresis. Dual simultaneous recordings from mvCN and rostroventral cuneate (rvCN) proprioceptive neurons demonstrated that microstimulation through the rvCN recording electrode induced dual effects on mvCN projection cells: potentiation when both neurons had excitatory receptive fields in muscles acting at the same joint, and inhibition when rvCN and mvCN cells had receptive fields located in different joints. GABA and/or glycine consistently abolished mvCN spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity, an effect reversed by bicuculline and strychnine, respectively; and immunohistochemistry data revealed that cells possessing strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors were uniformly distributed throughout the cuneate nucleus. It was also found that proprioceptive mvCN projection cells sent ipsilateral collaterals to the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis and the mesencephalic locomotor region, and had slower antidromic conduction speeds than cutaneous fibers from the more dorsally located cluster region.The data suggest that (1) the rvCN-mvCM network is functionally related to joints rather than to single muscles producing an overall potentiation of proprioceptive feedback from a moving forelimb joint while inhibiting, through GABAergic and glycinergic interneurons, deep muscular feedback from other forelimb joints; and (2) mvCN projection cells collateralizing to or through the ipsilateral reticular formation allow for bilateral spreading of ascending proprioceptive feedback information.

show abstract

“…They are in the ventromedial spinal cord (Kjaerulff and Kiehn, 1996); c. They receive glutamatergic reticulospinal (Douglas et al, 1993;Noga et al, 2003;Ohta and Grillner, 1989) and descending serotonergic input (Liu and Jordan, 2005;MacLean et al, 1998;Ribotta et al, 2000);…”

Section: Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for delineating spinal locomotor rhythm-generating networks and the possible role of Hb9 interneurones in rhythmogenesis

Brownstone

Wilson

2008

Brain Research Reviews

Self Cite

137

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite significant advances in our understanding of pattern generation in invertebrates and lower vertebrates, there have been barriers to the application of the principles learned to the definition of networks underlying mammalian locomotion. Major difficulties have arisen in identifying spinal interneurones in preparations which allow study of neuronal intrinsic properties and the role of identified interneurones in locomotor networks. Recent genetic technologies in which selective expression of fluorescent proteins in specific populations of mouse spinal neurones have provided new avenues of investigation. In this review, we focus on the generation of locomotor rhythm and outline criteria that rhythm-generating neurones might be expected to fulfill. We then examine the extent to which a recently identified population of spinal interneurones, Hb9 interneurones, fulfill these criteria. Finally, we suggest that Hb9 interneurones could be involved in an asymmetric model of locomotor rhythmogenesis through projections of electrotonically coupled rhythmgenerating modules to flexor pattern formation half-centres. The principles learned from studying this population of interneurones have led to strategies to systematically evaluate neurones that may be involved in locomotor rhythmogenesis.

show abstract

Mechanism for Activation of Locomotor Centers in the Spinal Cord by Stimulation of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region

Cited by 116 publications

References 66 publications

Midbrain circuits that set locomotor speed and gait selection

Midbrain circuits that set locomotor speed and gait selection

Processing Afferent Proprioceptive Information at the Main Cuneate Nucleus of Anesthetized Cats

Strategies for delineating spinal locomotor rhythm-generating networks and the possible role of Hb9 interneurones in rhythmogenesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About