Mechanism for Separating Inclusions from Molten Steel Stirred with a Rotating Electro-magnetic Field.

State of the art in the control of inclusions during steel ingot casting

“…[19] Inclusion growth by collision, agglomeration, and coagulation was investigated during ingot casting by many researchers. [19,69,70] Miki et al observed SiO 2 inclusion growth by collision in a 10-kg Si/Mn deoxidized steel ingot in a alumina crucible and stirred by electromagnetic field (Figure 9). [70] Ooi et al investigated alumina cluster inclusions in a 20-kg Al-killed steel ingot in an induction-stirred crucible ( Figure 7).…”

“…[19,69,70] Miki et al observed SiO 2 inclusion growth by collision in a 10-kg Si/Mn deoxidized steel ingot in a alumina crucible and stirred by electromagnetic field (Figure 9). [70] Ooi et al investigated alumina cluster inclusions in a 20-kg Al-killed steel ingot in an induction-stirred crucible ( Figure 7). [19] Aritomi and Gunji found dendritic inclusion formation on a spherical primary silica in Fe-10 pct Ni alloy deoxidized with silicon ( Figure 36).…”

“…This fact has been experimentally observed by many researchers. [16,17,19,39,40,[65][66][67][68][69][70][71] After growing large enough, inclusions can be removed from the molten steel by fluid flow transport and by attaching to the bubble surface (bubble floatation). Small inclusions stay suspended in the liquid steel and are passed on to the next process, while others are removed by the top slag and refractory walls by diffusion deoxidation and interfacial reactions.…”

Experimental Investigations of Rotary Electromagnetic Mould Stirring in Continuous Casting Using a Cold Liquid Metal Model

“…Using an experimental model in which molten steel was stirred by an RMF during solidification Miki et al 8) observed an enrichment of agglomerate inclusions at the axis of rotation in the resulting ingots.…”

Fluidynamic Effects on the Deposition of Alumina Particles at the Upper Tundish Nozzle

“…Nevertheless, a high percentage of inclusions are not removed in the tundish reaching the nozzle where some of them are no uniformly deposit at typical zones of the nozzle [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. For aluminum killed steel, alumina inclusions are the most common cluster material, which is produced during the deoxidation, from the interaction of refractory material and molten steel [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and finally from the re-oxidation of steel. This inclusion deposition induces a problem known as clogging phenomenon which has been studied for many researchers.…”