Mechanism of accelerated self-healing behavior of cement mortars incorporating triethanolamine: Carbonation of portlandite

Enhancement of water and salt penetration resistance into mortar cement composited with vulcanized natural rubber compound

“…2 As a result, mortar is utilized for a variety of applications such as masonry, maintaining a building's structure, improving appearance, a matrix phase of concrete, decoration, and mold forming. 3 Adjusting workability, developing strength in tension, compression, and specified loads, increasing water retention during the application, and modifying smooth and uniform construction layers are all exceptional qualities of mortar. 3,4 Another essential property of mortar is that it increases the durability, strength, and hardness of items once they have been fully cured and set.…”

“…3 Adjusting workability, developing strength in tension, compression, and specified loads, increasing water retention during the application, and modifying smooth and uniform construction layers are all exceptional qualities of mortar. 3,4 Another essential property of mortar is that it increases the durability, strength, and hardness of items once they have been fully cured and set. 5 However, mortar has low flexural strength and shrinks when drying, yet it retains its appearance for a long time.…”

“…Vinyl acrylic, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styreneacrylic ester (SAE), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylic ester (PAE), carboxylated styrene-butadiene polymer latex, and natural rubber latex are commercially available substances used as additives or modifiers in cement mortar and concrete. 1 There are many advantages of using latex into concrete such as to improve workability, 2 to increase physical properties (smoothness, water resistance, no microcrack, fracture reduction, and salt resistance), 3 to modify mechanical properties (flexural and bending strength, cementitious mortar cohesiveness), 4 and to increase thermal properties (thermal shock resistance [TSR] and decreasing thermal stress). [5][6][7] Polymer latex can also be used to improve the durability of waterproofing membranes, asphalt streets, self-leveling floors, repair mortars, and tile adhesives.…”

“…Dimensions and curing times of vulcanized natural rubber compound-mortar cement paste specimens each type of testing (avg ± SD, n = 3)MeasurementDimension (cm  cm  cm or cm3 ) Curing time in the water at 27 C (days) ZnO) and sulfur (S) appeared to be rising with the addition of vulcanized natural rubber compounds in mortar composites.Figure 4 shows SEM micrographs of adding 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% vulcanized natural rubber compounds into mortar composites (PMC-0, PMC-5, PMC-10, PMC-20, PMC-30, PMC-40, and PMC-50, respectively) at cross-sectional areas (namely a-1, b-1, c-1, d-1, e-1, f-1, and g-1) and surface areas (a-2, b-2, c-2, d-2, e-2, f-2, and g-2) after 28 days of curing at a magnification of 2000 times. SEM micrographs of mortar composite without adding vulcanized natural rubber compound (PMC-0) showed uniform dispersion of dicalcium silicate hydrate (C S H) and calcium hydroxide (C H) microstructures, as illustrated in Figure 4a(1-2), which corresponded to the sketches in Scheme 5a,c.…”