Mechanism of Atg9 recruitment by Atg11 in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway

Abstract

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Autophagy genes in biology and disease

“…During Parkin-dependent mitophagy, ATG9 vesicles are also recruited through binding with the autophagy adaptor OPTN, which is present on ubiquitinated mitochondria 23 . Similarly, in yeast, Atg9 vesicles are recruited via two pathways: one through interaction with the HORMA domain of Atg13 during starvation-induced macroautophagy, and the other through the cargo adaptor Atg11 during selective macroautophagy 24 .…”

Reconstitution of autophagosomal membrane tethering reveals that the ability of Atg11 to bind membranes is important for mitophagy

“…Mitophagy begins with the selective autophagy receptor (SAR) Atg32, embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane, binding to the soluble scaffolding protein Atg11 31,32 . Atg11 in turn recruits 30 nm precursor vesicles to mitochondria through its interaction with the integral membrane protein Atg9 residing in these vesicles 13,33 . The mammalian homolog of Atg11, FIP200, has been reported to bind membranes directly once it binds to a SAR 15 .…”