Mechanism of Clay Tactoid Exfoliation in Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites

Lan, Tie; Kaviratna, Padmananda D.; Pinnavaia, Thomas J.

doi:10.1021/cm00059a023

Cited by 762 publications

(535 citation statements)

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“…It also tends to lower thermal expansion coefficient and permeation rate without adding significant weight, thereby allowing nanolayer polymers to achieve greater thermal stability (to become less flammable) and to reduce permeability (improve barrier performance) [7][8][9][10]. Nanolayer-enhanced polymers distribute internal stresses more uniformly by allowing greater dimensional latitude during the forming and shaping processes, as compared to conventional macroscale reinforcements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Graphite-Vinylester Nanocomposites and Their Constituents

Alkhateb¹,

Al‐Ostaz²,

Cheng³

2010

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The effects of geometrical parameters on mechanical properties of graphite-vinylester nanocomposites and their constituents (matrix, reinforcement and interface) are studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Young's modulii of 1.3 TPa and 1.16 TPa are obtained for graphene layer and for graphite layers respectively. Interfacial shear strength resulting from the molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for graphene-vinylester is found to be 256 MPa compared to 126 MPa for graphitevinylester. MD simulations prove that exfoliation improves mechanical properties of graphite nanoplatelet vinylester nanocomposites. Also, the effects of bromination on the mechanical properties of vinylester and interfacial strength of the graphene-brominated vinylester nanocomposites are investigated. MD simulation revealed that, although there is minimal effect of bromination on mechanical properties of pure vinylester, bromination tends to enhance interfacial shear strength between graphite-brominated vinylester/graphene-brominated vinylester in a considerable magnitude.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Graphite-Vinylester Nanocomposites and Their Constituents

Alkhateb¹,

Al‐Ostaz²,

Cheng³

2010

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“…PLSNCs typically feature a mixture of three distinct filler morphologies: micrometer to submicrometer sized aggregates (minimal polymer/clay interaction); intercalated structures, tens of nanometers thick, where polymer has diffused into the interlayer gallery but significant interactions remain between clay layers; and exfoliated structures where maximal contact is achieved by the complete encapsulation of isolated clay layers with polymer. 1,8,11 Many researchers have demonstrated that complete exfoliation is especially desired because of the highest possible contact between filler and matrix and the attendant improvements in many of the properties. 8,12 Nanocomposites can be formed by melt processing, in situ polymerization, and surface-initiated polymerization (SIP); each method produces a different degree of dispersion.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Polyolefin/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites via Surface-Initiated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

Kalluru

Cochran

2013

Macromolecules

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Here we report the synthesis and characterization of block copolymer/layered silicate (BCPLS) nanocomposites via the surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (SI-ROMP) of norbornene and cyclopentene from montmorillonite clay (MMT). The MMT particle surfaces were functionalized with a norbornene-terminated alkylammonium surfactant through ion exchange. Block copolymer brushes of norbornene and cyclopentene were polymerized directly from the surface of these functionalized clay platelets, yielding highly exfoliated nanocomposites. A fraction of the polymer brushes were removed from their substrate by reverse ion exchange and characterized in parallel with their corresponding nanocomposite analogues. The thermal, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of the BCPLSs and their neat analogues were then compared directly. This enabled us to assess the role of the MMT filler in the thermal properties, solid/melt state rheology, and morphology. Disciplines Polymer Science CommentsReprinted with permission from Macromolecules 46 (2013) ABSTRACT: Here we report the synthesis and characterization of block copolymer/layered silicate (BCPLS) nanocomposites via the surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (SI-ROMP) of norbornene and cyclopentene from montmorillonite clay (MMT). The MMT particle surfaces were functionalized with a norbornene-terminated alkylammonium surfactant through ion exchange. Block copolymer brushes of norbornene and cyclopentene were polymerized directly from the surface of these functionalized clay platelets, yielding highly exfoliated nanocomposites. A fraction of the polymer brushes were removed from their substrate by reverse ion exchange and characterized in parallel with their corresponding nanocomposite analogues. The thermal, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of the BCPLSs and their neat analogues were then compared directly. This enabled us to assess the role of the MMT filler in the thermal properties, solid/melt state rheology, and morphology.

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“…Nanocomposites reportedly show enhanced tensile and thermal properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], heat distortion temperature [1][2][3][4][5], resistance to flammability [9,10], and reduced permeability to small molecules [4,11,12] and solvent uptake [13]. These enhancements are partly attributable to the extremely large particle surface area available for interaction with the polymeric matrix, coupled with a high aspect ratio (between 30 and 2000) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, extensive research on general polymer layered silicate nancomposites has been carried out [7,11,17,18]. Epoxy/clay has been one of the most studied systems, where merely intercalated or exfoliated structures were obtained [6,8,10]. On the other hand exfoliation has been reported for several polymer matrixes, such as polyimide [4,7], polyaniline [19], nylon [20] and phenolic [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of epoxy-phenolic clay nanocomposites

Auad¹,

Nutt²,

Pettarín³

et al. 2007

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. An epoxy-phenolic resin suitable for use as a composite matrix was reinforced with modified nanoclay (montmorillonite type). Characterization by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that intercalated nanocomposites were formed with an inter-gallery distance of approximately 10 nm. The influence of nanoparticles on tensile strength and modulus, fracture toughness, and impact toughness was measured and compared with the unreinforced polymer. The results revealed that the maximum enhancement in stiffness and toughness was achieved with 2.5 wt% filler content. The enhancement in toughness behavior was attributed to the activation of multiple energy-dissipating damage mechanisms in the nanocomposites.

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Mechanism of Clay Tactoid Exfoliation in Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites

Cited by 762 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Graphite-Vinylester Nanocomposites and Their Constituents

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Graphite-Vinylester Nanocomposites and Their Constituents

Synthesis of Polyolefin/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites via Surface-Initiated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

Synthesis and properties of epoxy-phenolic clay nanocomposites

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