Mechanism of Cordyceps sinensis and its Extracts in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Review

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major reason of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-caused end-stage renal failure (ESRF), and leads to high mortality worldwide. At present, the treatment of DKD is mainly focused on controlling the hyperglycemia, proteinuria, and hypertension, but is insufficient on the effective delay of DKD progression. Cordyceps sinensis is a kind of wild-used precious Chinese herb. Its extracts have effects of nephroprotection, hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, and protection against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Cordyceps sinensis can tonify the lung and the kidney. Several Chinese patent medicines produced from Cordyceps sinensis are often used to treat DKD and achieved considerable efficacy. This review summarized the clinical usage of Cordyceps sinensis, as well as its mainly biological activities including anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic activities and regulation of apoptosis.

Research Progress of Cordyceps sinensis and Its Fermented Mycelium Products on Ameliorating Renal Fibrosis by Reducing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

“…Its extracts have effects of nephroprotection, hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, and protection against ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, as well as antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. 42 Research on the isolation and culture of C. sinensis began in the late 43 Till now, 35 Cordyceps species have been reported in the literature to have medicinal properties or to isolate bioactive compounds. 44 Of these 35 species, five have been developed for clinical application as drugs with national standards: Xinganbao capsules developed from Gliocladium roseum, Ningxinbao capsules from Cephalosporium sinensis, Zhiling capsules from Mortierella hepiali in 1985, Jinshuibao capsules developed from Paecilomyces hepialid in 1987, and Bailing capsules from Hirsutella sinensis in 1988.…”

Therapeutic Effects of Jin Shui Bao Capsules on Kidney Diseases

“…Additionally, Jin Shui Bao capsules can protect renal tubular epithelial cells, inhibit renal microvascular lesions, promote homeostasis, and preserve the renal microvessels. [20]…”

“…Additionally, Jin Shui Bao capsules can protect renal tubular epithelial cells, inhibit renal microvascular lesions, promote homeostasis, and preserve the renal microvessels. [20] Currently, the primary medicines used to treat DN are angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Studies have shown that some Chinese patent medicines and microcirculation-improving treatments can reduce urinary protein levels in patients with DN.…”

Efficacy of Jinshuibao as an adjuvant treatment for chronic renal failure in China: A meta-analysis

“…Cordyceps sinensis is a rare wild Chinese herbal medicine, with the function of nourishing the lung and kidney according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. [7] Jinshuibao (JSB) is an extract of Cordyceps sinensis, [8] which contains nucleosides, amino acids, sterols, polysaccharides and other components. [9] Modern pharmacology shows that, [7,10,11] it has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, lowering serum cholesterol, triglyceride and lipid peroxide, increasing blood supply to heart and brain, inhibiting platelet aggregation, anti-fibrosis, nourishing lung and kidney, anti-tumor and other effects.…”

“…[7] Jinshuibao (JSB) is an extract of Cordyceps sinensis, [8] which contains nucleosides, amino acids, sterols, polysaccharides and other components. [9] Modern pharmacology shows that, [7,10,11] it has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, lowering serum cholesterol, triglyceride and lipid peroxide, increasing blood supply to heart and brain, inhibiting platelet aggregation, anti-fibrosis, nourishing lung and kidney, anti-tumor and other effects. JSB has been applied in clinical for a long time, and has been proved to be effective in the treatment of many diseases, such as diabetes nephropathy, chronic nephritis, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, viral hepatitis, lung cancer, etc.…”