Mechanism of erythrocyte aggregation enhancement by ultrasonic field

The resolving power of optical method to register erythrocytes agglutination enhanced by ultrasonic wave

“…It should be noticed, that time duration of incubation is assumed as the interval of time from the moment of ultrasound switching off and up to the start of photographing. The limits of the dilution level and the time duration of incubation were dictated by the works fulfilled previously [17][18][19][20] and as for the ratio "blood/serum" it was 1:10 -the standard ratio, which is normal for the medical practice to define blood group type. From Fig.4 it's easy to see, that the resolving power increases up to the moment 70-90 s and then it decreases for quit definite levels of dilution.…”

“…In the papers [17][18][19][20] it was shown, that during US irradiation of "blood/serum" solution a standing ultrasonic wave in the cuvette with liquid was formed. This wave led to the RBCs and their immune complexes grouping in the nodal points of the standing wave and as a result to the cells separation into layers.…”

“…It should noted that as a rule the registration and mathematical processing of the results were fulfilled in analog way. For example, the registration of RBC agglutination reaction was realized optically in analog way and the increase of the resolving power was obtained not optically only, but by means of application of ultrasonic waves [17][18][19][20] .…”

The Sedimentation Rate of Free Erythrocytes and Their Associates, the Influence of a Standing Ultrasonic Wave

“…In parallel, the investigations are underway to use ultrasound in the field of biomedical technologies and laboratory diagnostics, for example, to control particles [2][3][4] and cells [4][5][6][7] in suspensions, to filter bacterial cells [8][9][10][11] and their separation [12]. A promising direction is to use ultrasound for the aims of biomedical immunological researches [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Note that immunological methods based on specific antigensantibodies interactions in vitro with subsequent observation of the immune complexes formed are the basis of many medical laboratory diagnostic tests, in particular, for the instrumental human blood group determination.…”

“…It was for the first time when the authors were involved into the problem of automatic device creation for blood typing based on the use of a probing optical beam and stimulating ultrasonic radiation simultaneously in 1986 [13]. In the further studies and developments this method was carried out in analog [18][19][20] or digital forms [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and in the whole it was named as "acousto-optical method for blood group determination".…”