Mechanism of Intestinal Flora and Proteomics on Regulating Immune Function of Durio zibethinus Rind Polysaccharide

Abstract

In this study, cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally to establish an immunosuppressive mouse model to study the immune regulating effects of Durio zibethinus Murr rind polysaccharide (DZMP) through proteomics and intestinal flora. The results showed that the thymus and spleen indexes of the high-dose DZMP (200 mg/kg) group were significantly increased, and the tissue structure of the spleen was improved compared with the model group ( P < 0.01 ). The contents of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α in the high-dose group of DZMP were significantly increased ( P < 0.001 ). Activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were increased in serum ( P < 0.01 ). In the liver, catalase (CAT) activity was increased ( P < 0.001 ) while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased and immune activity was increased ( P < 0.001 ). Proteomics studies showed that the drug group could significantly increase the low-affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor III (FcγRIII) protein and protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) compared with the model group ( P < 0.001 ). In addition, the result showed that those proteins were likely involved in the regulation of the metabolic pathways of autoimmune thyroid disease, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and NF-κB signaling pathway. Intestinal microbial studies showed that short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content was increased as well as the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Paraprevotella, while the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Oscillospira was decreased compared with the model group ( P < 0.001 ). The results showed that DZMP might play a beneficial role in immune regulation by improving intestinal flora.

Polysaccharides From the Roots of Millettia Speciosa Champ Modulate Gut Health and Ameliorate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Intestinal Injury and Immunosuppression

“…This is similar to previous studies that Wild morels polysaccharides and Lotus Seed Resistant Starch both augmented SCFAs levels in mice by increasing the content of SCFAsproducing Lachnospiraceae (56,62). Many polysaccharides have been confirmed to cause increased expression of Bacteroides (63)(64)(65)(66). Nevertheless, different sources of polysaccharides have different effects on the gut microbiota.…”

The Effect of Flammulina velutipes Polysaccharide on Immunization Analyzed by Intestinal Flora and Proteomics

“…The spleens of mice in the BC, MC, and HD groups were taken, and after washing, the spleen tissues of each three mice were combined into one sample, and the obtained samples were subjected to proteomic assay (27).…”

Immunological regulation, effects, extraction mechanisms, healthy utilization, and bioactivity of edible fungi: A comprehensive review

“…Moreover, researches on numerous studies on the edible fungi‐based research, associated characterization, and their findings are tabulated in Table 2. Jiang et al (2021) found through in vivo and in vitro experiments that edible fungus can significantly increase the binding of low‐affinity immunoglobulin γFc receptor III protein and protein kinase PKC‐α protein. This enhances the body's immunity; Hualei et al (2009) found that F. velutipes can increase the expression of mouse cellular immune factors such as IL‐2 and TNF‐α, enhance the activity of NK cells or T cells, thereby enhancing the body's immunity; Yuan et al (2020) studies have further shown that silver fungus can significantly promote the secretion of NO, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α by macrophages to enhance immunity.…”

“…A large number of studies have shown that edible fungi are closely related to humoral immunity, for example, edible fungus can significantly increase the binding of low‐affinity immunoglobulin γFc receptor III protein and protein kinase PKC‐α protein. In addition, edible fungi can increase the expression of mouse cell immune factors IL‐2 and TNF‐, enhance the activity of NK cells or T cells, thereby enhancing the body's immunity (Hualei et al, 2009; Jiang et al, 2021). Cellular immunity refers to the immune response mediated by T cells, macrophages, or NK cells, that is, cells are stimulated by antigens and produce cytotoxicity to achieve an effective means to eliminate intracellular parasitic microorganisms and reject allografts or tumor antigens.…”