Mechanism of Nucleation and Crystallization of Zeolites from Gels

Synthesis of high-silica EU-1 zeolite in the presence of hexamethonium ions: A seeded approach for inhibiting ZSM-48

“…After filtration, the obtained solid was washed thoroughly with deionized water and then dried at 120°C overnight. Syntheses were carried out at 160, 180, and 200°C, varying the crystallization time to study crystallization kinetics, described as Culfaz and Sand [31].…”

Synthesis of thin defect-free hydroxy sodalite membranes: New candidate for activated water permeation

“…This is particularly beneficial, as one of the problems faced with hydrothermal synthesis of membranes is inhomogeneous heating of the solution, which experiences higher temperatures near the walls of the autoclave than in center. As crystallization is a thermally activated process [51], it will be favored close to the walls where higher temperatures are available rather than on the support; providing a more homogenous temperature inside the autoclave can significantly help reduce this phenomenon. New equipments and techniques are currently being developed where minimization of temperature gradients within synthesis sols in combination with proper mixing effects during synthesis are aimed to optimize film formation.…”

Ordered Porous Nanomaterials: The Merit of Small

“…In this respect, Angell and Flank [46] reached some conclusions different from those reported by McNicol and coworkers [47,48] after using Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and particle size analyses. The former study was later supported by the reports by Culfaz and Sand [49] and Kacirek and Lechert [50] which concluded that the rate-determining step was the linking of silicate species to the surface of the crystal. They also pointed out that, under their conditions, the solution phase would contain essentially only monomers and dimers during the crystallisation zeolites with high aluminium contents, with larger oligomers (perhaps up to Si 20 ) present in the synthesis of the more silica-rich zeolites.…”