Mechanism of platelet plug formation and role of adenosine diphosphate

Spaet, Theodore H.; Zucker, Marjorie B.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1964.206.6.1267

Cited by 218 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…The slope of the aggregation phase is defined as the rate of change in light transmission when a steady state is reached, and the amplitude as the number of light transmission units between the base line and the asymptotic part of the aggregation curve. When the reproducibility of the test was examined by recording the curves resulting from addition of 100 Ag collagen 12 times to platelet-rich plasma samples from the same specimen of blood the delay phase was 75 sec with a standard deviation of 10 sec. The slope was 14.8 transmission units/min with a standard deviation of 2 units/minute and the amplitude was 41.5 transmission units with a standard deviation of 0.8 units.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and it has been postulated on the basis of light and electron microscopic studies that vessel wall collagen plays an important role in normal hemostasis by initiating platelet plug formation (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). It is thought that platelets first adhere to collagen without requirement for divalent cations or plasma cofactors (12). Platelet adenosine diphosphate is then released and associated with agReceivcd for publication 25 June 1968. gregation of further platelets; calcium ions and at least one plasma cofactor are required (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggregation of platelets by collagen

Wilner¹,

Nossel²,

Leroy³

1968

J. Clin. Invest.

172

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A B S T R A C T In studying some of the properties of collagen responsible for the ability to aggregate platelets it was found that thermal treatment at pH 2.5 of acid-soluble human collagen resulted in a sharp reduction in relative viscosity and platelet aggregating activity at about 350C. The reduction in viscosity is known to be associated with structural transition from triple helical to random coil form and it is postulated that the native structure of collagen is essential for its platelet aggregation effect. Blockage of the free amino groups by deamination, N-acetylation, or treatment with dinitrofluorobenzene resulted in over 90%o reduction in platelet aggregating activity. Addition of cationic proteins to collagen, removal of the negatively charged telopeptides by treatment with pepsin, or acetylation of the free carboxyl groups did not significantly affect the platelet aggregating activity of collagen. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that the free amino groups and specifically the epsilon amino groups of lysine are critical for the platelet aggregating activity of collagen whereas the carboxyl groups are of relatively little importance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation of platelets by collagen

Wilner¹,

Nossel²,

Leroy³

1968

J. Clin. Invest.

172

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“…The enzymes papain and chymopapain and antioxidant nutrients found in papaya have been found helpful in lowering inflammation and healing burns. Previous studies in phytochemical analysis of Carica papaya reveals the presence of papain in high concentration, saponin, alkaloids,flavenoids,monoterpenoids,minerals(calcium,potassium,magnesium,zinc,manganese,iron),carotenoids, glucosinolates and carposide (Aravid et al,2013).However, evidence has been presented that PF3 is found at least in part, in micellular formations which arise from platelet granules and then are extruded (Spaet, 1964). Such structures may escape from the main plug into the circulation, concept which is reinforced by the observation that much of the PF3 cannot be sedimented from serum even at extremely high centrifugal force.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Latex on the Haemostatic Mechanism and Biochemical Profile of Male Albino Wistar Rats

Oguwike¹,

Nwafia²,

Nwozor³

et al. 2017

GJMS

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Extracts of roots, stem, bark, leaves and sap of some medicinal plants have been known to have effect against the most dreaded pathogenic organism like the bacteria, Fungi, viruses (Russel et al, 1997). Soldiers need training, men and women do engage in exercises, children play in the field, most times people are not allowed to partake in their trainings, exercises or play due to bleeding from minor injuries which could be arrested using simple remedies from plants that could be found around the bush. Hence the effect of pawpaw (Carica papaya) latex on the haemostatic mechanism and biochemical profile of male albino wistar rats was studied to show the ability of Carica papaya latex to enhance haemostatic mechanism and stop bleeding.Forty (40) male albino rats weighing 200-250g were selected for the study. Group 1 (10 rats) is the control group. Group 2 (10 rats) received topical application of the latex after wound laceration, Group 3 (10 rats) was fed orally (Enteral) with the latex for 5 days, while Group 4 (10 rats) was injected (Parenteral) with the latex (0.5ml) for 5 days. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from Groups 1, 3 and 4 for analysis such as Full blood count, Platelet count, Prothrombin time test, Partial thromboplastin time test, bleeding time, clotting time, biochemical test such as serum total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatise, aspartate transaminase and alanin transaminase.Calcium and alkaloids (protein precipitates) was discovered present in the latex of Carica papaya. They are known to be involved in the precipitation of coagulation factors (Tafeeq, et al 2008) which promotes clotting in rats. The latex of Carica papaya reduced haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and white blood cell count significantly (p<0.05) but the platelet count was very high (p<0.05). It also increased the total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin and the liver enzymes but shortened bleeding and clotting times in vitro. It could be deduced that the presence of calcium and papain helped to reduce the bleeding and clotting times.

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“…Received for publication 20 August 1976 and in revised form 22 November 1976. undergo the "physiologic" release reaction in preparations of platelet-rich plasma (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding of collagen alpha1 chains to human platelets.

Chiang¹,

Beachey²,

Kang³

1977

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T We previously reported that purified al chains of type I chick skin collagen induce platelet aggregation. We now describe immunological and biochemical evidence that the peptide binds to intact platelets as an early event in the induction of platelet aggregation and the release reaction.Antibody against al (I) was obtained by immunizing rabbits with complete Freund's adjuvant mixed with purified al. Immunofluorescence studies showed that al(I)-treated platelets exhibited strong immunofluorescence. The intensity of fluorescence was markedly decreased by the pretreatment of platelets with al-CB5 and glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine.Dose-response curves of platelet aggregation induced by al and the binding of al by washed intact platelets are correlated. The biochemical studies showed that the binding of the al chain to washed intact platelets was platelet concentration and temperature dependent, and that it reached a maximum in 10 min. The process was reversible and specific, with an association constant of 1.7 ,uM. The inhibitor of alinduced platelet aggregation, glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine, inhibited the al binding. These results suggest that a1(I) chains bind to specific receptor site(s) on platelet membranes to trigger aggregation and the release reaction.

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Mechanism of platelet plug formation and role of adenosine diphosphate

Cited by 218 publications

References 0 publications

Aggregation of platelets by collagen

Aggregation of platelets by collagen

Effect of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Latex on the Haemostatic Mechanism and Biochemical Profile of Male Albino Wistar Rats

Binding of collagen alpha1 chains to human platelets.

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